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EN
Poland is country with a preserved and rich biodiversity. It is important to maintain, keep and enrich this biodiversity as a part of actions of agriculture. The plant protection, and especially chemical method are frequently treated as the biggest threat from the part of the agricultural production for the environment and biodiversity. Activities under taken in the past years have changed a lot. But still plant protection products are used to kill the insects, diseases and weeds means part of biodiversity. On the other hand plant protection products allow us to maximize agricultural productivity and ensure food supply. Farmers are required to increase the yield and at the same time protect nature and biodiversity. In the article results of scientific research and Polish activity in protection of the biodiversity are presented.
PL
Celem stosowania w praktyce rolniczej środków ochrony roślin jest zwalczanie organizmów szkodliwych, chorób, szkodników i chwastów, a więc niszczenie elementów bioróżnorodności. Dlatego też chemiczna ochrona roślin wydaje się być trudna do pogodzenia z ochroną bioróżnorodności. Z drugiej strony ochrona roślin jest podstawą stabilizacji plonowania oraz uzyskiwania plonów wysokich i dobrej jakości. Lata badań naukowych, wysiłki producentów środków ochrony roślin oraz tworzone podstawy prawne już pozwoliły na bardzo znaczne ograniczenie ujemnego wpływu zabiegów ochroniarskich na środowisko i tym samym bioróżnorodność. Sytuacja ta będzie ulegać dalszej poprawie szczególnie poprzez wdrożenie zadań Zrównoważonego Stosowania Pestycydów, integrowanej ochrony roślin oraz podniesienie poziomu przygotowania zawodowego rolników i ich doradców. Polska jest krajem o bogatej zachowanej bioróżnorodności i tym bardziej wskazane są wszelkie inicjatywy i działania niedopuszczające do jej zubożenia.
EN
The article concerns issues relating to tobacco plant protection, which is an important element of the work of every tobacco grower and often decides on the amount and quality of the crops. In the middle of the 20th century The Tobacco Industry and the Tobacco Growers’ Association supplied plan protection equipment for tobacco growers. Different designs of spraying equipment have been developed for different types of applications and field and crop conditions. In the Polish tobacco industry one of the most popular was the high volume sprayer OP-20. In the first half of the 60s the percentage of sprayer OP-20 was a more than 50% of all sprayers. Gradually, in place of sprayer OP-20 were introduced sprayers type “Puzon” and “Działkowiec”. Very popular and effective were hand compression sprayers – “Sad” and “Rex”, which were placed in a wheelbarrow. In the middle of the 60s tractor mounted sprayer have been used, especially by plant protection stations.
3
75%
EN
Plant protection is the area of science and agricultural practice in which a large group of specialists with often distant interests participates. Biologists study the biology, ecology and occurrence of pests, diseases and undesirable vegetation, while entomologists and phytopathologists study the harmfulness of individual species and methods of reducing their numbers. A large group of chemists is looking for new compounds that could be used in plant protection, and their colleagues are developing a technology for the production of new agents.
PL
Ochrona roślin jest tym obszarem nauki i praktyki rolniczej, w tworzeniu którego uczestniczy duża grupa specjalistów o odległych często zainteresowaniach. Biolodzy badają biologię, ekologię i występowanie szkodników, chorób i niepożądanej roślinności, a entomolodzy i fitopatolodzy szkodliwość poszczególnych gatunków i metody ograniczania ich liczebności. Duża grupa chemików poszukuje nowych związków, które mogłyby znaleźć zastosowanie w ochronie roślin, a ich koledzy opracowują technologię produkcji nowych środków.
EN
Agricultural production is carried out using environmental resources, renewable and nonrenewable. The study attempts to assess the agricultural activities in terms of environmental protection. Drew attention to the elements that constitute a threat to the environment. Carried out in the study analysis indicates an increase in the consumption of both fertilizers and chemical means of plant protection products in Poland in 2005–2012.
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