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Metafilozofia Władimira Erna

100%
Herbich T.
Człowiek i Społeczeństwo
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2022
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vol. 53
171-186
EN
Vladimir Ern is often seen as a philosopher that focused mainly on defining the characteristic featuresof Russian philosophy. When his philosophical works are interpreted in such a way, the biggeststress is being put on the fact that he formulated a certain idea of national philosophy, which wasthen transformed by him into a kind of national ideology during the World War I. The article triesto show, that Ern should be treated first of all as an author who considered metaphilosophical issues(and that this fact distinguishes him from the majority of the philosophers of Russian religiousphilosophicalrenaissance, who were mainly interested in solving the metaphysical issues). He focusedon metaphilosophy because he was convinced, that philosophy is a field of the battle between twonotions of the essence of philosophical knowledge which exclude one another. Seen as such, hisphilosophy should be interpreted as an attempt to find a proper way in philosophy and to rejectthe wrong way. The authentic way, which gives a correct answer to the question concerning theessence of philosophical knowledge, was seen by him in Christian Platonism. He tried to show, thatin the works of Plato can be found a certain theory of the spiritual development of man, whichis at the same time a genuine epistemology that shows the way of true philosophical knowledge.
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Platonizm w strukturalistycznej refleksji nad czasoprzestrzenią. Próba aplikacji myśli filozoficznej Józefa Życińskiego.

100%
Luty D.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2017
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vol. 39
73-96
EN
The main aim of this paper is to provide an interpretative application of Józef Życiński’s philosophical work. I claim that one can find in Życiński’s thought criteria for evaluating certain positions which use platonistic concepts in order to solve specific problems in the context of philosophy of physics, especially philosophy of spacetime. After reconstructing Życiński’s philosophy, I use the derived criteria to evaluate positions of Howard Stein’s and Max Tegmark’s. I conclude that, according to criteria taken from Życiński’s philosophy, the former’s views are more plausible, and so create a better starting point in developing a platonistic structuralist position.
3
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O platońskich ideach

75%
Dembiński B.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2016
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issue 60
83-98
PL
This paper is an attempt to clarify the ontological status of Platonic ideas. My considerations are based on the example of mathematical ideas and their relation to the subjects of mathematics and phenomena, since such modes of existence are distinguished in the philosophy of Plato.
4
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A critical analysis of the philosophical motivations and development of the concept of the field of rationality as a representation of the fundamental ontology of the physical reality

75%
Grygiel W.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2022
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issue 72
87-108
EN
The unusual applicability of mathematics to the description of the physical reality still remains a major investigative task for philosophers, physicists, mathematicians and cognitive scientists. The presented article offers a critical analysis of the philosophical motivations and development of a major attempt to resolve this task put forward by two prominent Polish philosophers: Józef Życiński and Michał Heller. In order to explain this particular property of mathematics Życiński has first introduced the concept of the field of rationality together with the field of potentiality to be followed by Heller’s formal field and the field of categories. It turns out that these concepts are fully intelligible once located within philosophical stances on the relations between mathematics and physical reality. It will be argued that in order to achieve more extended conceptual clarification of the precise meaning of the field of rationality, further advancements in the understanding of the nature of the human mind are required.
5
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Creating new concepts in mathematics: freedom and limitations. The case of Category Theory

75%
Semadeni Z.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2020
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issue 69
33-65
EN
In the paper we discuss the problem of limitations of freedom in mathematics and search for criteria which would differentiate the new concepts stemming from the historical ones from the new concepts that have opened unexpected ways of thinking and reasoning. We also investigate the emergence of category theory (CT) and its origins. In particular we explore the origins of the term functor and present the strong evidence that Eilenberg and Carnap could have learned the term from Kotarbiński and Tarski.
6
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Logika racjonalności. W stronę modalnego platonizmu matematycznego

63%
Wilczek P.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2011
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issue 49
98-122
PL
In this article Whitehead’s philosophy of mathematics is characterized as a Structural Second-Order Platonism and it is demonstrated that the Whiteheadian ontology is consistent with modern formal approaches to the foundation of mathematics. We follow the pathway taken by model-theoretically and semantically oriented philosophers. Consequently, it is supposed that all mathematical theories (understood as deductively closed set of sentences) determine their own models. These models exist mind-independently in the realm of eternal objects. From the metatheoretical point of view the hypothesis (posed by Józef Życiński) of the Rationality Field is explored. It is indicated that relationships between different models can be described in the language of modal logics and can further be axiomatized in the framework of the Second Order Set Theory. In conclusion, it is asserted that if any model (of a mathematical theory) is understood, in agreement with Whitehead’s philosophy, as a collection of eternal objects, which can be simultaneously realized in a single actual occasion, then our external world is governed by the hidden pattern encoded in the field of pure potentialities which constitute the above mentioned Field of Rationality. Therefore, this work can be regarded as the first step towards building a Logic of Rationality.
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Quinean Ontological Commitment Derailed

63%
Kurtz R. M.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2013
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issue 24
87 - 113
EN
What should we believe exists? The Quinean response is straightforward: We should believe in all and only those objects over which we must quantify in our best scientific theories. Let us call this view Ontological Commitment = Quantifier Commitment, or OC=QC. The author draws upon resources from Jody Azzouni and Stephen Yablo, who reject this criterion to disrupt a central argument for platonism in mathematics. The project has two parts. First, the negative project is to argue that OC=QC is misguided because we ought not read our ontological commitments off of our quantifier commitments. Second, the positive project is to suggest an alternative criterion to OC=QC that allows us to accept the idea that statements that quantify over mathematical objects that would be abstract if they existed are indispensable to our best scientific theories, but nevertheless reject the existence of numbers.
8
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Metamorfozy Platońskiej „metafory słońca” (Respublica 509b) w hetero- i ortodoksyjnej teologii (I-III w.): gnostycyzm, Klemens z Aleksandrii i Orygenes

51%
Mrugalski D.
Vox Patrum
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2017
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vol. 68
21-58
EN
The metaphor of the sun, in which Plato (Republic 509b) compares the idea of the Good to the sun that dwells above the earth yet affects the phenomena occurring on it, was an inspiration for both heretical and orthodox theology in the first Christian centuries. The Gnostics, Clement of Alexandria and Origen all believed that God, like the Platonic idea of the Good, is radically transcendent in relation to the world, but at the same time is the cause of everything that exists in it. Unlike Plato, who believed that the idea of the Good is knowable and can be the subject of science, the Christian theologians of the first centuries believed that God was like a blinding light. This means that God, according to them, though intelligible, is unknowable in His essence. Therefore, God cannot be the subject of science. Another modification of the Platonic metaphor was the introduction of the element of sunlight, to which the philosopher from Athens did not refer. For the Gnostics, the rays of the sun were “eons” – spiritual beings that existed in the space between the first principle of all things and the material world. For Clement and Origen, the light that comes from the sun was the Son – the power and wisdom of God. In contrast to the Gnostics, who believed in the progressive degradation of the spiritual world through successive emanations, the Alexandrian Fathers believed that the Son possessed all the knowledge of God and therefore revealed to man the true God. Yet the revelation of God by the Son, and even the grace that assists human beings in the process of learning about God, do not give man complete knowledge of the essence of God. Thus the Gnostics, Clement and Origen, despite some doctrinal differences, all accepted the concept of the radical transcendence of God on the ontological and epistemological levels.
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