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EN
The article discusses the current state of preservation of the intangible cultural heritage in the rural areas of Podlasie and the most important problems related to its protection. It has been assumed that Podlasie covers the area of the present Podlaskie Voivodeship, excluding its western part that belongs to Kurpie. At the beginning the article outlines the settlement processes that led to the current cultural diversity of the inhabitants of this region. The Podlaskie Voivodeship is the most ethnically and religiously diverse area in Poland. It is inhabited by national minorities: Belarusian, Lithuanian and Ukrainian, as well as an ethnic minority – the Tatars. Ethnic and national divisions are accompanied by a religious division, because apart from the Catholics, Podlasie is inhabited by many followers of the Orthodox Church. One of the effects of this ethnic and national diversity is the presence of East Slavic dialects with local varieties. These distinctions are reflected, among others, in the toponymy. Linguistic diversity is visible in the oral folklore, especially in ritual songs, including Konopielki, which are sung in the Podlasie region on Easter and are particularly interesting. Oral folklore includes also legends that nowadays rapidly disappear as a result of the lack of intergenerational transfer. Coexistence of two Christian denominations in Podlasie results in wealth of customs, ceremonies and beliefs related to the annual cycle of feasts. The article presents three selected annual customs and ceremonies worth protecting by being listed in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List: playing the ligawka, a large trumpet-like musical instrument, in Advent in Ciechanowiec, celebrations of the last days of carnival, called zapusty, in Radziłów, and a tradition of prayers with wax votives in Krypno. Undoubtedly, one of the most important issues of protection of intangible heritage in the Podlasie region is the problem of transferring knowledge and skills associated with traditional crafts. Basketwork, pottery and weaving deserve particular attention among them. The article mentions also the problem of folk medicine in the context of the activity of the healers who are called szeptuchy in Podlasie. In the summary there have been listed the most important problems of protection of the intangible heritage in Podlasie.
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WIKLINIARSTWO

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PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: jak plecionkarstwo, a w szczególności wikliniarstwo, z powodu dostępności materiału jakim jest wiklina (młode pędy kilku gatunków wierzb) rozwijało się zarówno na historycznych, jak i obecnych terenach Polski. Autorka w artykule opisuje zarówno podstawowe materiały, jak również kolejne etapy rozwoju plecionkarstwa, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wpływu, który na tę dziedzinę twórczości wywarła moda na meble plecione. Rozpoczęła się ona na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku w Europie i Stanach Zjednoczonych i spowodowała upowszechnienie plecionkarstwa również na terenach polskich. Jej bezpośrednim efektem było powstanie wielu szkół i wytwórni plecionkarskich. Jedną z najsłynniejszych była szkoła koszykarska w Rudniku nad Sanem, stanowiąca również obecnie jeden z najważniejszych ośrodków rękodzieła plecionkarskiego w Polsce. Najistotniejszym aspektem historii rozwoju plecionkarstwa jest jego ewoluowanie z umiejętności rzemieślniczej do rangi sztuki. Proces ten rozpoczął się w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, kiedy to plecionkarstwo znalazło się w kręgu zainteresowań artystów, takich jak między innymi, zwany „Michałem Aniołem Wikliny” Władysław Wołkowski. Wynikiem ich prac były liczne realizacje w postaci krzeseł, foteli, mebli czy małych form użytkowych, takich jak chociażby lampy. Nie wyczerpuje to zakresu zastosowań plecionkarstwa w sztuce, czego najznamienitszym przykładem może być polski pawilon na wystawie światowej Expo w Aichi (Japonia) zrealizowany w 2005 roku. Stanowi on innowacyjne podejście do projektowania i jednocześnie współczesną odpowiedz na pytanie o przyszłość plecionkarstwa.
EN
Plaiting is undoubtedly one of the oldest and perhaps even the oldest branch of creativity in the history of mankind. Weaving skills have been used for millennia in a variety of cultures around the world, in all climate zones. The importance of plaiting contrasts with the fact that it was not actually the subject of holistic and in-depth research beyond fragmentary and partial discussions in ethnographic works or guidebooks. Weaving of objects, both usable and vernacular construction, in the area of today's Poland has been developing since prehistoric times. Wickerworks were used in every aspect of contemporary life, starting from small everyday objects, through tools, furniture, medium and large-size objects of various purposes, to building constructions and structures. Wickerwork is a separate branch of the craft and as such has been the subject of specialist craft education since the 19th century. Plaiting is also a group of techniques in artistic creation. Plaited utility products, plaited materials and building constructions have been and still are the subject of research in many fields of science, conservation and museum works since the 19th century. They were treated marginally by architects,, which changed, however, when well-known architects ennobled the wickerwork with the power of their authority to the rank of valuable sources of inspiration and full expression of the material.
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