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Давноминулий час із семантикою незавершеної ситуації

100%
Andrijiw O.
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia
|
2016
|
vol. 4
15-23
PL
The article deals with the problem of the appearance in the pluperfect of semantic forms for uncompleted past situations. The study involves the analysis of situations in which the process of developing the action, expressed by the pluperfect, sees a barrier appear that disturbs the natural fl ow of the event or indicates the canceled result of the event. Particular attention is focused on constructions with the particle bulo, because the use of this particle in artistic texts is a sign of disturbance to the natural fl ow of the events. As a conclusion: the pluperfect tense in such interpretation is carried out in different types of sentences and its semantic potential is realized in 3 main types: 1) unrealized intention; 2) disturbed attempt; 3) canceled result. The choice of the appropriate interpretation depends on the aspectual characteristics of the verb, its semantics and the context.
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Insegnare il trapassato prossimo a madrelingua polacchi

84%
Scarpel S.
Italica Wratislaviensia
|
2018
|
issue 9.2
239-253
EN
The Italian pluperfect (trapassato prossimo) differs from other past tenses due to the fact that it implies a point of reference situated in the past. Although it is frequently used in both written and spoken language, little space is devoted to this tense in textbooks of Italian for foreigners. This can be explained by taking into consideration the following two factors: on the one hand, the Italian pluperfect usually can be substituted by other tenses (like the present perfect, passato prossimo, and preterite, passato remoto); on the other hand, the choice of the speaker to use this tense is often difficult to explain. In other words, the abovementioned point of reference is sometimes difficult to locate. A full comprehension of the Italian pluperfect can be problematic for a Polish speaker, as contemporary Polish does not have tenses with similar functions. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the teaching of the Italian pluperfect to Polish students, highlighting some linguistic issues that should be considered by the teacher.
IT
Il trapassato prossimo è un tempo verbale che si distingue rispetto agli altri tempi passati per il fatto di presupporre la presenza di un momento di riferimento collocato nel passato. Nonostante il suo uso sia frequente anche nell’italiano parlato, lo spazio dedicatogli nei manuali di italiano per stranieri è spesso limitato. Ciò si può spiegare considerando due fattori: da una parte il trapassato prossimo può essere spesso sostituito da altri tempi “concorrenti” (in primis passato prossimo e passato remoto); in secondo luogo la scelta del parlante di servirsi di tale tempo risulta a volte ardua da spiegare. In altre parole, può essere difficile individuare il momento di riferimento sopra menzionato. La comprensione del trapassato prossimo può risultare problematica per uno studente polonofono, in quanto il polacco contemporaneo non presenta tempi con funzioni analoghe. Con questo articolo si vuole riflettere sull’insegnamento del trapassato prossimo a studenti di lingua polacca, evidenziando alcune questioni di natura linguistica che dovrebbero essere prese in considerazione dal docente.
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