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Legal Status of the Injured Person in Polish Criminal Proceedings

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Smarzewski M.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

2013

vol. 23

issue 1

25-47

Criminal proceedings is the plane in which is actual implementation of substantive criminal law norms - in fact on the basis on proceedings these norms are set in motion, in relation to the functioning order of the procedure. However adjudication in question of criminal responsibility of the accused is the object of criminal action. Penal liability shall be incurred by a perpetrator who commits an act prohibited under penalty, as defined in the act in force at the time of its commission, assuming that it is also unlawful, culpable and socially harmful in a higher level than negligible. This act, therefore, comes from a man, usually affecting the other subject, who is a natural person, legal person or institution - a passive subject of a crime1. It should be emphasized that the role of the passive subject of a crime - the victim of a crime, can’t be reduced solely to the function of the object, perceived by the prism of his legal rights, directly violated or threatened by the perpetrator. “Camoufla¬ging” the passive subject of a crime within the structure of the type of a crime by indentifying him with the subject matter of an executory act, cannot be considered appropriate. Thus it’s necessary to indicate at subjec¬tivity of a victim, which subsequently should receive due its expression in the criminal proceedings. In this context it usually leads to consider the victim, analyzing her significance, as the subject of the specific criminal proceedings - an injured person. The injured person is a subject that less or more par¬ticipate in the proceedings and have an impact on its course, depending on the stage of the proceedings, its stadium and the measures, as provided by law, which victim has undertaken. From his act or omission depends on his status in the trial. In close relationship with a specific, prescribed by law, activity of a injured person may finally remains being of proceedings. The victim’s behavior then determines indication and conduct of criminal procee¬dings as a positive condition.

W artykule zaprezentowane zostały rozważania dotyczące pokrzywdzonego w polskim postępowaniu karnym. Autor podejmuje próbę przedstawienia pozycji prawnej pokrzywdzonego w przekroju całego postępowania karnego, tj. zarówno w postępowaniu przygotowawczym i postępowaniu jurysdykcyjnym, jak i na etapie postępowania wykonawczego. Autor stara się również podkreślić znaczenie pokrzywdzonego, jako podmiotu, do którego ochrony należy przywiązywać szczególną wagę. Jest to bowiem jednostka, która cierpi wskutek popełnionego czynu zabronionego - podmiot bierny przestępstwa. Stąd wskazuje się również na potrzebę tworzenia dalszych rozwiązań prawnych, mających na celu zapewnienie ofierze minimalizacji jej cierpień oraz stosownego zadośćuczynienia.

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1 Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

1 Smarzewski M.

1 2013

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Legal Status of the Injured Person in Polish Criminal Proceedings