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Výzkum lokality Sfinga (SBK.W-60) v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z vyzkumné sezóny 2015

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Varadzinová L., Varadzin L., Čuláková K., Řídký J., Sůvová Z.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2016

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issue 16

47-61

EN

In November 2015, the expedition directed by the Czech Institute of Egyptology carried out its fourth excavation campaign at Jebel Sabaloka (West Bank). Efforts were devoted to further exploration of the site of Sphinx (SBK.W-60) in the area of the "Rocky Cities" where a large late prehistoric burial ground, tentatively dated to the 8th millennium cal. BC, had been uncovered in 2012. Altogether 5 trenches, with the square area of 17 m2 in total and with their depths equating to as much as 1 m, were excavated to explore another section of the burial ground and to investigate the settlement stratigraphies in the southern and central parts of the site. Alongside the excavation, selected categories of finds (lithics, ground stone artefacts, animal bones) were analysed and documented. Also, further detailed surface survey and documentation of varied features at the site were performed in order to gather additional data necessary for the preparation of the first detailed report on this remarkable site. Last but not least, special measures were taken to protect the study area from damage by both illegal excavation and gravel quarrying.

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Výzkum pravěkého osídlení v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2017

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Varadzinová L., Varadzin L., Pacina J.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2018

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issue 20

34-45

EN

In the autumn of 2017, the exploration of the late prehistoric occupation on the west bank of the Nile at Jebel Sabaloka came to its fifth season. The fieldwork focused on the site of Fox Hill (SBK.W-20), last explored in 2012. Four trenches (no. 21–24) measuring 24 m2 in total (fig. 3) were excavated, all on Terrace 3 of the site (fig. 2). The most significant findings of the field campaign include the following: (1) A large late prehistoric burial ground was uncovered on Terrace 3. Based on the hitherto finds of intact (14 individuals) and disturbed burials and their distribution in Trenches 21 and 22 only, the burial ground appears to have been confined roughly to the southern third of Terrace 3 and to have contained at least several dozen deceased (figs. 4a, 5, 6). The use of shells of Nile bivalves as burial goods was attested (B.5, B.6; figs. 7 and 8); other items serving this function were not detected. Of interest is the presence of stone piles, in some cases carefully built, which covered burials particularly in the eastern part of Trench 22 (fig. 5). Before carrying out AMS 14C analyses, a Late Mesolithic dating can be tentatively put forward for (at least part of) this burial ground based on similarities to the burial ground at the site of Sphinx (e.g. Varadzinová –Varadzin 2017). (2) Terrace 3 had been used for settlement as well, both during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. Several settlement features were uncovered, of which at least two had shapes reminiscent of those characteristic of storage pits (F.54, F.57 –- not dated more precisely so far; fig. 4a). Also, a stratification of settlement layers was detected (fig. 4b). (3) Of utmost significance is the discovery of fragments of what appears to be a stratified sequence of layers of Pleistocene dating (!) (fig. 9). They contained numerous assemblages of lithics with an unusually high representation of vein quartz, tiny cores ca. 1 cm in size used for production of microbladelets possibly by indirect percussion, and other pieces of lithics exhibiting advanced patination. The material has tentatively been assigned to the Late Stone Age. (4) The first of its kind was also a workshop for the production of Neolithic gouges on red rhyolite (fig. 1, 2, 11), detected in the western part of Fox Hill, with finds of raw material, primary shaping waste, finalisation waste, and unfinished as well as finished artefacts. The exploration of the site will continue in 2018.

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Výzkum lokality Sfinga (SBK.W-60) v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2014

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Varadzinová Suková L., Varadzin L.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2015

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issue 14

56-65

EN

In the autumn of 2014, the interdisciplinary mission directed by the Czech Institute of Egyptology carried out its third excavation campaign at Jebel Sabaloka (West Bank). The site has been explored for remains of prehistoric occupation since 2011. A comparatively small area (7.50 m2) was explored in detail at the site of Sphinx (SBK.W-60) with the aim of identifying settlement layers and features, investigat - ing archaeological formation processes in co-operation with geologists and sedimentologists, and defining future meth - ods and procedures for exploration of prehistoric sites at Jebel Sabaloka. In addition to a number of important finds, several findings of methodological significance were made that contribute to the topical discussion on the character of cultural deposits of prehistoric dating in the Central Sudan and the possibilities and limitations of their stratigraphic excavation by means of traditional archaeological methods.

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Výzkum lokality Sfinga (SBK.W-60) v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z vyzkumné sezóny 2015

Výzkum pravěkého osídlení v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2017

Výzkum lokality Sfinga (SBK.W-60) v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2014