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PT
O Brasil está organizado como uma federação tripartite, em que os municípios lograram a condição de entes federativos e responsáveis pela política urbana. Esta, no entanto, não se resume à ordenação do uso do solo, mas também a políticas setoriais, como o saneamento, a habitação e mobilidade, que geralmente extravasam as fronteiras municipais. Nesse contexto, a lei do Estatuto da Metrópole veio preencher uma lacuna nas formas de coordenação interfederativa para a gestão de territórios que constituem aglomerações urbanas, mas não são entes federativos. Trata-se de um importante avanço normativo que, no entanto, está a espera de avanços na cooperação federativa para o financiamento dos serviços de interesse interfederativo.
EN
Brazil is politically and administratively organized as a tripartite federation, in which municipalities have achieved the status of federative entities and are now responsible for the urban policy. This, however, is not just about land use planning, but it also concerns sectoral policies such as sanitation, housing and mobility, which often go beyond municipal boundaries. In this context, the Statute of the Metropolis Act has filled a gap in the forms of interfederative coordination for the management of territories that constitute urban agglomerations, but are not federal entities. This is an important policy development, however, which is still awaiting progress in the federative cooperation for the financing of interfederative interest services.
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ES
Basado en una investigación etnográfica a largo plazo sobre prácticas de medios de vida en espacios públicos urbanos, exploro la política de comida callejera en Antigua Guatemala. Desde varios puntos de vista subjetivos, describo los propios vendedores de alimentos, los vendedores de artesanías que constituyen sus principales clientes, los turistas que solo los encuentran por casualidad al comprar artesanías y los funcionarios de la ciudad que son responsables de regular las calles. Analizo las razones por las cuales se permiten algunas prácticas de venta de alimentos, a pesar de las regulaciones en su contra. Basándome en un marco teórico que articula las posiciones de Lefebvre (1996) y Harvey (2012) sobre los derechos a las ciudades, explico por qué estos vendedores ambulantes de alimentos persisten en un sitio del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO altamente regulado. Sostengo que las reclamaciones de derechos no son meras acciones políticas organizadas, sino que se ejercen en las prácticas cotidianas de quienes viven y trabajan en la calle. Basándome en el concepto de "espacio gris" de Yiftachel (2009) y los tonos de gris de Heyman y Smart (1999), destaco los espacios sociales ambiguos y los lugares físicos en los que tiene lugar la venta y el consumo de alimentos, para describir lo que llamo permisibilidad espacial, la práctica del trabajo ambiguamente legal/ilegal en estos espacios grises y grises.
EN
Based on long-term ethnographic research on livelihood practices in urban public spaces, I explore street food politics in Antigua, Guatemala. From various subjective vantage points, I describe the food vendors themselves, the handicraft vendors who constitute their primary clients, tourists who only by chance encounter them when purchasing handicrafts, and the city officials who are responsible for regulating the streets. I analyze the reasons why some food vending practices are permitted, despite regulations against them. Drawing on a theoretical framework that articulates Lefebvre's (1996) and Harvey's (2012) positions on rights to cities, I explain why such street food vendors persist in a highly regulated UNESCO World Heritage Site. I argue that claims of rights are not merely organized political actions but are exercised in the everyday practices of those who live and work on the street. Drawing on the concept of “gray space” from Yiftachel (2009) and shades of graying from Heyman and Smart (1999), I highlight the ambiguous social spaces and physical places that food vending and consumption takes place, to described what I call spatial permissibility, the practicing of ambiguously legal/illegal work in these gray and graying spaces.
PT
O artigo analisa o impasse da política urbana brasileira dez anos depois das grandes expectativas trazidas pela entrada em vigor do Estatuto da Cidade (Lei 10.257/01). A tributação sobre a propriedade imobiliária foi um dos principais ins¬trumentos jurídicos criados para controlar o processo de expansão urbana subme¬ti¬da ao princípio da função social da propriedade. O estudo da incorporação deste ins¬tru¬mento à normatividade de municípios selecionados mostrou que há ainda uma distância entre a previsão legal e a possibilidade efetiva do seu uso, o que nos levou a explorar algumas hipóteses explicativas do fenômeno
EN
The article analyzes the impasse of the Brazilian urban policy ten years after the high expectations brought by the City Statute (Law 10.257/01). The tax on real estate was one of the main legal instruments designed to control the process of urban expansion subject to the principle of the social function of property. The study of the incorporation of this instrument to the normativity of selected municipalities showed that there is still a gap between legal provisions and effective possibility of its use, which led us to explore some hypotheses of the phenomenon
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