Search results - CEJSH

1

Stres v policejní praxi

100%

Adamová I., Vtípil Z.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2012

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vol. 3

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issue 1

1-13

EN

The paper provides a deeper insight into the perception of stress in police ranks. Stress is perceived as any situation or stimulus that acts on the individual load and thus jeopardize its integrity. The research is focused only on those specific situations and stimuli that are specific for police practice, especially those stressors that the policemen face daily and which may endanger them. To manage this issue it is first necessary to determine which specific situations police officers perceive as the most burdensome. With this knowledge it is then possible to figure out how to minimize as much as possible the load in given situations. In the introduction the paper therefore briefly outlines the issue and focuses on the stressors specific to the police profession. The research then reveals which of normal police activities that police face daily are perceived as the most stressful.

2

ZINTEGROWANA POLITYKA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA NARZĘDZIEM POPRAWY BEZPIECZEŃSTWA W UCZELNIACH WYŻSZYCH

100%

Rozwadowski O.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2013

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vol. 14(14)

139-152

EN

The idea of community policing is contained in the statement: Police without peer social support little things happen. The project named Integrated Safety Policy is aimed at universities. Partners in the project are in addition to the police, university administrators, student governments and other external partners. The positive effects of the project based on the fact that the police no longer restrictive institution, working for the social effect is seen not only as an institution fighting the effects of different social pathology. Ad hoc solutions for improving safety are replaced by a system in which responsibility and shared care the security has become the target, and also a habit.

3

National Security — Essence, System, Research

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Wiśniewski B.

Internal Security

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2020

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vol. Special Issue

37-48

EN

Internal security is today an intensively explored area of national security. This is hardly surprising. It is this area that is mainly concerned with emerging threats. Hence, new scientifically justified solutions are being sought to counteract them and minimise the effects of their occurrence. Given the above, the research has been conducted, and its results are presented in this paper. It addresses the main problems relating to internal security through the prism of identification criteria, essence, and systemic approach. That has made it possible to present the assumptions of the project in question. The research aimed to diagnose the functioning of the state’s internal security system, and the participation of academic centres dealing with security issues. One of such centres is the Police Academy, which is implementing a project entitled “Vacuum chamber for revealing fingerprints with organic compounds in the gas phase’, No DOB-BIO9/03/01/2018. It was financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under call for proposals No 9/2018 for the execution and financing of projects in the field of scientific research or development work for the benefit of national defence and security. After they were implemented, it was stated that the constant changes in the internal security environment, and the limited potential of state institutions designated to care for this security entail the need to continually search for practical solutions to ensure the undisturbed existence and development opportunities of each entity. These searches are conducted by scientific institutions, which with their knowledge and experience serve to improve the tools used in the practice of institutions responsible for internal security.

4

Etyka zawodowa w Policji

100%

Suchanek M.

Studia Administracyjne

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2013

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issue 5

371-395

PL

Policja jako instytucja posiada wewnętrzne regulacje prawne dotyczące etyki zawodowej policjanta określone zarządzeniem Komendanta Głównego Policji. Zarządzenie to wynika z konieczności wzmocnienia oraz uzupełnienia obowiązków i praw policjanta wynikających nie tylko z demokratycznie stanowionego prawa, ale także z uwzględnienia znaczenia problematyki moralnej w wykonywaniu zawodu policjanta i jego służebnej roli wobec społeczeństwa. Badania dotyczące etyki w policji przeprowadzone w Szkole Policji w Pile pozwoliły sprawdzić znajomość i rozumienie Zarządzenia oraz określić zachowania i oczekiwania policjantów w sferze moralności. Pokazały one, że istnieją znaczące rozbieżności pomiędzy etyką deklarowaną i przestrzeganą. Kształtowanie odpowiedzialności moralnej i postawy etycznej policjantów wymaga zbiorowego wysiłku wszystkich, począwszy od przełożonych, poprzez osoby odpowiedzialne za rekrutację do policji, szkolenia, ale także każdego z funkcjonariuszy. Dzięki wnioskom z badań można doskonalić te elementy pracy, które nie spełniają akceptowanych wymogów etycznych i moralnych. Policjanci świadomi swojej szczególnej roli powinni umieć określać zasady postępowania, mając równocześnie świadomość, że żadne zarządzenie nie rozwiązuje wszystkich problemów etycznych i zawsze ostatecznym drogowskazem wskazującym właściwą drogę pozostaje sumienie.

EN

The police as an institution has organizational regulations concerning professional conduct of police officers. This code of conduct is specified in the Chief of Police Ordinance. The Ordinance is resultant from a need to strengthen and complement the duties and rights of police officers; their code of conduct should not only result from democratically established law but should also take into consideration the importance of the moral issues faced by police officers during their work and their role in society. A study on ethics in the Police carried out at the Police Academy in Pila allowed testing the knowledge and understanding of the Ordinance and determination of the behavior and expectations of police officers in the area of morality. The study has shown that there are significant discrepancies between ethics professed, internalized (personal?), and practiced. Shaping of moral responsibility and ethical attitude of policemen requires a collective effort of many people, starting with the Superiors, through those responsible for the selection and training of the police, and finally also of the police officers. Police officers should be aware of their important role and should lay down their own rules of conduct, factoring in the reality that no external code of conduct can solve all ethical problems and that the last signpost pointing in the right direction should always remain one’s conscience.

5

Police in the System of Public Safety — Polish Experience

100%

Justyński K.

Internal Security

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2017

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vol. 9(1)

99-108

EN

As a uniformed and armed force, whose mission it is to serve and protect both people’s safety and public order, the police have been established on the basis of the 6 April 1990 Police Act. The basic police responsibilities cover protection of health, life and property against unlawful attacks, protection of public order and safety — including assurance of peace in public places and on public transport, investigation of crime, prosecution of offenders, and finally counter-terrorist activity. In addition, police are obliged to initiate and organize activities designed to prevent crime, minor offences and criminogenic phenomena. The list of police tasks is steadily getting longer and longer and it seems that this upward trend will continue in the years to come. This makes it necessary to implement legal and organizational solutions with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of policing — on the one hand measured by a systematic search for increasingly rational procedures, and on the other one by a decreasing number of illegal activities undertaken by the criminal underworld due to their awareness of the risk of being detected and the certainty of punishment. A good way of improving police performance is to precisely determine the tasks carried out as part of preventive action as well as decisive action aimed at elimination of identified threats or their consequences.

6

Anthropometric indicators of obesity in policemen: A systematic review of observational studies

100%

Da Silva F. C., Hernandez S. S., Gonçalves E., Arancibia B. A., Da Silva Castro T. L., Da Silva R.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 6

891-901

EN

The aim of this paper was to summarize scientific literature on obesity in policemen through a systematic review of observational studies. For this purpose the following electronic databases were selected: Medline by Pubmed, CINAHL, and Scopus; and a manual search of the referenced studies concerning this topic was performed. There were no restrictions with respect to the year or language of the publication. Twenty-three studies were identified and 9 articles, considered as potentially relevant, were included. The labor time, shift and career progression promoted changes in body composition. Most of the policemen taking part in the studies included in this paper were overweight (BMI: 25.2–29.3), obese (body fat ≥ 25%), had increased waist (90.4–102 cm) and abdominal perimeters (18.9–90.5 cm), and had a higher risk of chronic disease, which is associated with depression and stress development. Interventional studies are needed for the purpose of proposing preventive and rehabilitation programs, which would result in providing physical and mental well-being, improvement of life quality and, especially, prevention of obesity related to police work.

7

Materialne przesłanki przeszukania w k.p.k.

100%

Pikul K.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2012

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vol. 28

161-170

EN

The article raises the issue of determining and interpreting material grounds for search. The author points out the problems that might hinder the police or other law enforcement authorities in performing the search under investigative procedures.

8

Detekce lži na základě neverbálních projevů – studie zaměstnanců Policie České republiky

100%

Boukalová H., Mynaříková L.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

33-46

EN

Lie detection based on nonverbal behavior is not a standard method, it is an intuitive process, applied by lay persons, but also professionals. Some of the major sources (e.g. widespread Interrogation Manual by F. Inbau et al., 2004) offer clear recommendations about the nonverbal behavior of liars to investigators of serious crime. These findings are not supported by the research, moreover they can lead to lowering the ability to detect lie (Blair, Kooi 2004). Another topic is mapping the skills of professionals (police officers, members of the secret services) and non-specialists to detect lies by nonverbal signs. Across the studies (with few exceptions) a low performance in the task of detecting lies by nonverbal expressions (Ekman P., 1996; Vrij, 2004 and others) is found. The levels of success are usually around the level of chance. The potential reasons for such results are analyzed (e.g. Blair, Kooi, 2004). However a group of psychologists led by P. Ekman and M. O'Sullivan (O'Sullivan, 2007) managed to find in their years lasting research a group of people whose ability to detect lies is well above the population average. This group is diverse in terms of age, interests and professions, all of them come from the USA. There were certain common features found in this group and also a focus on similar phenomena in the detection of lying. The main goal and research question is to find out: what is the success rate of differentiation between lies and truths in this specific professional group of Czech population, is it the same or different from the results reported in the context of available resources. The research will focus on the ability of respondents to determine the truth or deceit on the basis of non-verbal and paraverbal expressions of observed subjects, with focus on specific professional groups - mainly police workers. We assume, that the police officers are frequently in the contact with people, who are not willing to reveal critical information or who are motivated to lie. The procedure: The material consisted of short video sections originating from real investigation of serious crime. After the pilot study the stimuli material has been created consisting of 21 video-sections lasting 30 seconds, the sound of the videos was filtered, so the paraverbal characteristics were maintained, but the content of the speech was unclear. The research sample consisted of 197 police officers from 5 departments. Selected results: The TRUTH detection accuracy - (the accuracy of correct evaluation of the truth-telling people on the video) was situated between 0,25 (25%) to 0,75 (75%). The LIE detection accuracy - was situated between 0,44 (44%) to 1 (100%). The overall accuracy (means combined accuracy of lie and truth detection) was situated between 0,33 (33%) and 0.86 (86%). 5 respondents obtained results, that were above the average of the group in all the three categories (truth, lie, overall). The discussion: The results indicate that (among others) we can find so called lie bias among the police workers, which is common in the similar professional settings and it involves higher expectations of lie and deceit on the side of the communication partner. In the common population the opposite tendency - so called truth bias - tendency to evaluate others (situations, behavior, statements) as truthful is found. The study managed to find police workers, who obtained better results than guessing and also better than the average of the tested group. The main limit of the study is probably the lack of repeated retest of the sample. This and other findings were involved into the police training focused on communication and lie during criminal investigation, which is not systematic in Czech Republic. The plan is to test also other professional groups in the future.

9

Military forces and police in dysfunctional states of Sub-Saharan Africa

100%

Kłosowicz R.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2017

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issue 50

99-111

EN

Armed forces and police in dysfunctional states of Sub-Saharan Africa are usually weak, both in terms of training, discipline, equipment and morale. The army is frequently dragged into political conflicts, especially as there is a rule that who controls armed forces has power, and the loss of control of the army is tantamount to the loss of power. A similar problem concerns the police, which is even more corrupt and dependent on political influence. The police is often more preoccupied with supporting the ruling party than with protection of the public order, and citizens associate it with forcing various types of bribes. The analysis of the relation between the weak statehood challenges and the condition of the armed forces and police presented in the article is a result of the author’s long-term research on dysfunctional states in Sub-Saharan Africa, based, inter alia, on the fieldwork conducted in more than twenty African states.

10

Social media in the PR activities of the polish uniformed services using the example of the “Polish Police” Facebook profile

100%

Powierska A.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2013

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vol. 10(10)

123-131

EN

The development of information technologies in the last two decades has made traditional public relations tools insufficient. New media, in particular social media, has opened up the possibility of establishing a direct contact with the public and using a brand to build long-lasting relations. A platform serving a special role in PR activities is Facebook, whose importance has already been noticed by the Polish uniformed services. The presented analysis of the “Polish Police” profile shows how and to what extent the Police utilize Facebook to create their online image and build relations with the public.

11

ROLA POLSKIEJ POLICJI W BEZPIECZEŃSTWIE WEWNĘTRZNYM

100%

Łabuz P.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2014

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vol. 15(15)

160-169

EN

Presented article illustrates the role and responsibilities arising from the regulations of the Polish Police on internal security. The analysis of legal - administrative presents a wide range of powers and co-operation in the detection and combat all threats to the plane of the entire system of state security.

12

Some problems of cooperation of police officers with informants

100%

Herbowski P.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2014

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vol. 34

119 - 133

EN

The use of information collected by police officers from informants can bring excellent results. However, it requires good organizational work and precise control. In Poland a collapse in this area has being noticed. Thus, not only is it necessary to change the regulations, but also to solve numerous problems that appear in practice and which are the main subjects of this study.

13

The Evolution of the Police Idea in the Context of the Gendarmery Origin in Germany

100%

Dąbrowski K.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

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2016

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vol. 25

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issue 3

EN

Gendarmery is a police structure which operates in rural areas. The gendarmery model emerged in the Napoleonic Empire. It was adapted at the beginning of the 19th century in the German states, Prussia, but especially in the south-German Länder where French influences were the strongest. Creation of gendarmery coincided with formation of the police idea. Originally, the police meant a state system, and finally a professional, trained and armed unit which stands guard over public order and safety. Doctrinally it referred to Polizeiwissenschaft, Kameralwissenschaft, staatlicher Eudämonismus, Staatsräson-Idee and Staatsuntertänigkeit. There appeared Verwaltungspolizei, Bagatellsachen, Mandatsverfahren. The fall of feudalism enforced creation of the police services dedicated to rural areas, but their theoretical underpinning lies in the enlightened absolutism. Not without a reason the states of the first half of the nineteenth century are called post-absolutism police states.

PL

Żandarmeria to formacja policyjna działająca na terenach wiejskich. Jej wzór narodził się w napoleońskiej Francji. Na początku XIX w. została zaadaptowana w państwach niemieckich, Prusach, a szczególnie w krajach południowo-niemieckich, gdzie wpływy francuskie były najsilniejsze. Utworzenie żandarmerii zbiegło się z ukształtowaniem się pojęcia policji. Początkowo oznaczało ono ustrój państwowy, a w końcu zawodową, wyszkoloną i uzbrojoną formację stojącą na straży porządku i bezpieczeństwa publicznego. Ówcześni przedstawiciele doktryny nawiązywali do policystyki, kameralistyki, eudajmonizmu państwowego, idei racji stanu oraz poddaństwa państwowego. W trakcie dziesięcioleci doprecyzowano status policji administracyjnej, narodziło się prawo wykroczeń oraz postępowanie mandatowe. Upadek feudalizmu wymusił stworzenie służb policyjnych dedykowanych obszarom wiejskim, ale swe uzasadnienie czerpały one z oświeconego absolutyzmu. Nie bez powodu państwa pierwszej połowy XIX w. są nazywane postabsolutnymi państwami policyjnymi.

14

The Polish Police in the Light of the Statements of the Police Chief Commanders in 1990-2018

100%

Misiuk A.

Securitologia

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2018

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issue 1 (27)

132-151

EN

The article presents the statements of the police chiefs from the last twenty-eight years, i.e. from the moment of police establishment in 1990 to 2018. At that time, sixteen senior officers were the chiefs of the Polish police. The subject of the analysis concerns the views of police authority on the functioning and organisation of the police service. The author of the article undertook the effort of presenting the transformation of the Polish police force from the perspective of the opinions of the Police Chief Commanders. He analyzed these opinions critically.

15

UKRAIŃSKIE FORMACJE POLICYJNE I SŁUŻBY SPECJALNE WOBEC KONFLIKTÓW RELIGIJNYCH NA PRZEŁOMIE XX I XXI W.

100%

Szyszlak T.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2015

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issue 3

199-212

EN

The main aim of this article is to show the role of Ukrainian police and special services in religious conflicts. According to the author the religious conflictis the situation in which at least one party to a dispute is defined through the prism of its relationship to religion. Ukraineis one of those post-Soviet countries, where–due to nothing unhampered freedom of religion–religious conflicts are the most. In view of the size of the paper we present only the most important of them. The author notes that the Ukrainian police and the Security Service of Ukraine are not contracting safeguard security and public order, but antagonizes parties to the dispute, andevenactors are considered conflicts. Many hope related to improving the image associated with the reform of the authorities responsible for internal security of Ukraine.

16

Organization of police activities

100%

Kochańczyk R.

Internal Security

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2019

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vol. Special Issue

123-131

EN

Police tasks have not changed for years and mainly consist in ensuring order and security for citizens. However, the police function as an organization in a certain legal order, it is subject to certain rules that determine its effective operation. Since 1989, that is from the political and social transformation in the functioning of the Polish Police has started in our country, two periods could be distinguished in which it was forced to make organizational changes. The first such moment came with the political transformation when Poland was entering the path of the democratic system. It was not an easy period because the mere change in legislation was not enough. It is worth mentioning that young Polish democracy was struggling with many negative factors, mainly inherited from the previous political system, e.g. the state of the economy, and inflation. From the perspective of the police 30 years of operation, based on statistical data, it can be concluded that the period directly related to political transformation was conducive to negative social phenomena such as crime, social pathologies or the lack of appropriate legal regulations in the new economic conditions. In 1990, the Polish Police leadership faced a lot of work to be done to ensure that the newly formed formation was not identified with the previous system as well as the role it played in the communist system. The second such event forcing a change in the organization of the police activities was January 1, 1999, when the administrative reform of the country entered into force. A difficult task was set up before the formation. After less than 9 years of functioning in the new reality, the then management was faced with adapting the organization to the situation related to, among other things, the new administrative division, transfer of many tasks and competences previously reserved for the central level to the level of local governments, or intensification of efforts to build civic self-governance at all levels of government. The following article presents issues related to police tasks, powers of the Police Commander-in-Chief, and police structures operating in the period in question

17

GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE FORMATIONS IN POLAND SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE POLISH STATEHOOD UNTIL THE CREATION OF DUCHY OF WARSAW

100%

Czop A., Sokołowski M.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2016

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vol. 24(24)

151-165

EN

Both Authors are former police officers and currently are researchers of the security subjects that are related to public sector safety. They decided to show development of the police formations since the beginning of the polish statehood until the end of Duchy of Warsaw. This topic was result of the hypothesis that current structure and organisation of police in Poland is implication of historic development of safety management. Authors defined main goals of the Police as the following: – maintaining law and order – prosecution of criminals – providing security and help in crisis situation for both people and properties They’ve pointed that act definition for Police states whom mentions the attributes such as: uniforms, weapons which could lead to connotation to military, but in fact it shows the role of servant to the society. The main mission and goal of the Police is to maintain and provide safety and security to the citizens so that people could could realize their existential needs and as well the greater needs which will lead to their development. Authors esteem that Police combines activities of entities on the local government level. Authors are asking the following question: – What was the genesis of the police on polish lands? – What formations completed tasks in the area of law and order? – How they developed? Authors are presenting the following view, these questions are not only related to historic aspects. In their opinion gathering answers for the questions above will result in better understanding of the current state of Police. Current shape of Police is determined by a constant development of administrative structure of the country. According to Authors this process is constant and ongoing however knowledge of this proces and steps in it can help in determine current needs and in pointing out optimal organizational solutions. In order to do that authors have analysed police formations since the beginning of the polish statehood until the annexation of Poland.

18

LOCAL PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN POLAND

100%

Wałek T.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2015

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vol. 19(19)

247-258

EN

One of the main tasks of public administration is to ensure order and security of citizens. Sense of security is basic condition of economic and social development and family’s happiness. Threats affecting many areas of social life to meet social expectations, various administrations and service inspections and guards, and other entities responsible for the development of public safety and order take on a daily number of steps to reduce the existing threats. The publication is designed to characterize the local prevention programs - in force in the province of Malopolska.

19

Zjawisko wypalenia zawodowego w zawodach usług społecznych na przykładzie funkcjonariuszy policji

100%

Magdalena Rudnicka M.

Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 1(28)

75-85

EN

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of occupational burnout in social services professions. Occupational burnout was first reported in the seventies. Intense civilization changes and increasing demands placed on social services have caused that the psychological costs they incur. At work, doctors, nurses, teachers, emergency workers, police officers and others are becoming more and more significant. Representatives of these professions are exposed to severe stress, which they can not cope with, are permanently tired, exhausted, are less and less satisfied with the work they do. Taking up the fight with such burdens, they distance themselves from the people they help. Over time, their involvement in the profession is getting weaker. They change it or go into premature retirement. These phenomena are commonly called “burnout”.

20

The Job Satisfaction of Detectives Investigating Economic Crime in the Police Directorates of Ljubljana-Maribor and Some Reasons for their Fluctuation

100%

Gorenak V., Željko B.

Organizacija

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2008

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vol. 41

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issue 1

14-21

EN

An average person spends almost a third of his life at work. It is therefore very important that the person is satisfied with their job. We could define job satisfaction as a factor with an important influence on increased quality in both professional and private life. The dissatisfaction of employees with their jobs is usually followed by fluctuation. This can be very damaging to an organization since employees are one of the most important resources.This article presents the results of various surveys on the satisfaction of police officers and detectives with their work, on fluctuation as a phenomenon and some of the reasons for it.In the empirical part of this article, the authors present a study done among the economic crime detectives working in the police directorates of Ljubljana and Maribor. The study showed that economic crime detectives are somewhat satisfied with their work but are still willing to change their jobs and leave the police for a better salary. The main factor for dissatisfaction is the low pay for their performance.

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