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1

Advancing the Concept of Problem in Problem-oriented Policing

100%

Suve P.

Internal Security

|

2020

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vol. 12(2)

21-39

EN

Recent developments in understanding the concept of problem in problem-oriented policing denote valuable perspectives but mainly from a substantialist perspective. In this article, the relational perspective in thinking of safety problems was introduced, and some key advancements presented. Exploiting causal and constitutive reasoning and the idea of the complexity of problems, the self-actional, inter-actional, and trans-actional perspectives were used for determining the differences between the substantialist and relationalist perspectives. The concept of problem was analysed from two perspectives. First, in light of initial and recent elaborations of the term. Second, through the actual use of the term. The substantialist ethos dominated through the data analysed and it has both advantages and disadvantages. However, relational thinking calls for a deeper understanding of safety problems. Resigning from the substantialist ethos and asking whether there are pre-given A-s and B-s, and turning towards the idea that there is no A-s without B-s, creates an environment for a more open-minded understanding of problems in policing.

2

Exploring Lay People’s Views on The Polish Police

88%

Matczak A.

Securitologia

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2017

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issue 2 (26)

102-115

EN

The Polish police have come a long way in transforming from highly politicised state policing that functioned under socialism (1949-1989), to that of a service to the public. The aim of this paper is to examine the views on Polish police and contextualise them within a broader, sociological framework by way of presenting selected findings from my doctoral research. My participants’ opinions on the police formed a chronologically-constructed picture, which shed light on the pre- and post-1989 policing in Poland and corroborated Ian Loader’s argument that there is a reciprocal relationship between lay people and the police/quality of policing, and that views on the police remain an avenue by which lay people of a given society share stories about themselves. In this article I argue that lay views on the Polish Police are embedded in a wider perception of the ‘world that they have lost’, post-socialism nostalgia, remembering of the post-1989 transformation processes and constant comparison with the perception of Western standards in police work. The views also serve as an avenue to look into the notion of the Polish legal culture.

3

Strategia oraz taktyka zapobiegania i zwalczania czynów zabronionych związanych z bezpieczeństwem meczu piłki nożnej jako problem polityki kryminalnej

88%

Chlebowicz P.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2014

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vol. 32

123 - 140

EN

The paper is devoted to the problem of countering football related crimes in the context of criminological theories, including the so-called policy analysis. The author highlights the strategy that was used during the Euro 2012. The attention is paid to the various techniques, eg. friendly but firm, use of CCTV cameras, surveillance. The article shows the response of the Polish Police and other agencies to groups of football hooligans.

4

Communal tracking approach to insecurity in Nigeria: A prognostic contemplation on Amotekun, the Nigerian Southwest Security Outfit

75%

Agbaje E. B. A., Adeyeye A. I., Omodunbi O.

Acta Politica Polonica

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2022

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vol. 53

41-57

EN

Crime proliferation and insecurity represent a multidirectional broadband in social analysis. Crimes generally are outcome of carefully planned and diligently executed mischief of a belligerent group against a target. Crimes are rarely capable of sudden self-propagation. Indexes of insecurity and interest-based assaults of one group against another in the form of terrorism, banditry, kidnapping and communal/ethnic attacks scarcely manifest as entirely externallyinflicted social ills without insiders’ collaboration. Terrorism, banditry and kidnapping as crimes, are at the same time living social organisms that are birthed, nurtured and resourced for attainment of some strategic social objectives. The advanced phase of armed attack manifests only at their maturity. Based on available primary and secondary data on security challenges, aside from arguing that increasing incidence of insecurity in Nigeria results more from economic and ideological roots: political, economic, cultural, religion and ethnic, this paper insists that crimes have both latent and manifest gestational traits. Therefore, it is here conjectured that before crimes attain maturity, Communal TrackingApproach (CTA) to security stands the best strategy for early detection, avoidance and/or prevention of crimes. This paper recommends that if the objective of the new complementary security organization in the Nigerian Southwest, codenamed Amotekun, is to be realized, it must be built more on CTA. Given that Amotekun is not likely to be as resourced as the Nigerian military, and particularly with the everincreasing proliferation of arms among the belligerent elements, CTA, with its communal stance, above all alternate measures, offers a less costly strategy to securing the citizens and the nation.

5

Comparative Policing: Theory and Praxis

75%

Roelofse C.

Internal Security

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2015

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vol. 7(2)

245-265

EN

This article propagates a theoretical basis for performing comparative studies in policing. Researchers, carryingout comparative studies should be familiar with the fundamental constructs that underpins policing philosophy, strategyand operations. The fundamental constructs, namely political philosophy, culture and religion, and law underpins policingphilosophy and style while the contextual constructs, crime, economy and demography, are influenced by these fundamentalsand also, as a result of their reciprocal influence amongst themselves, inform policing strategy and operations. Policing agenciesfluctuate on a dichotomy of open and closed systems and the goal achievement system responds to all these influences and betweencentralised and decentralised policing. This article focuses on some of the theoretical and practical issues in performing comparativestudies within and amongst police agencies. Comparisons need to be clearly demarcated, starting firstly with the topic. Theoryand praxis should speak to one another and form the foundation of comparative studies in policing. Without a thoroughunderstanding of the constructs, comparative studies may lack depth and quality. Researchers, undertaking comparative studiesshould be familiar with the fundamental constructs that underpin policing philosophy, strategy and operations. Furthermorethe contextual constructs, influenced both by the fundamental ones and also as a result of their reciprocal influence amongstthemselves, also lead to policing strategy and operations. Understanding the reciprocity amongst the different constructs is essentialfor critical analyses as the basis for comparative studies.

6

The Social Competence of Police Cadets as Sociology Conception

75%

Kiikov V.

Studies of Changing Societies

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2014

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vol. 2013

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issue 2

64-76

EN

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition of social competence and its application in police practice, introduction of the police officer social competence structure, the subsequent description of its components. The efficiency in problems solving, which police officer encounter in daily service, as well as the quality of cooperation between police and community directly depends on the level of social competence development, the interiorization of social norm and values in personality structure of police officer, such as tolerance, respect of human rights, motivation for social interaction, culture of communication, social intelligence, emotionally-volitional stability etc. Therefore, the objectives of educative work in police high school have to include the purposeful formation of social competence as a requirement of contemporary democratic society. Another aspect of social competence formation in police cadets through educational means is utilization of moral potential of education, which is essential in rapidly changing societies for efficient socialization of such professional group as police officers.

7

Frontex 3.0 — rewolucyjny czy rewelacyjny — legislacyjno-policyjny paradygmat bezpieczeństwa granic Unii Europejskiej. Paneuropejska interpretacja i implementacja Intelligence-Led Policing

51%

Zarychta-Romanowska K., Szostak M.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2018

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vol. 50

113-131

EN

The article contains an analysis of the origins and development of new regulations concerning the European Border and Coast Guard of 2016 and 2018 in order to better understand its tasks and development in the light of the European policy objectives and European law. The authors pay particular attention to the state of ontological uncertainty and lack of security manifested by the residents and states of the European Union. Thus they consider the challenges to the Union’s internal and external security. They analyse new initiatives, both legal and political, the aim of which is to limit the threats associated with uncontrolled irregular migrations, organised crime and terrorism. Examining the EU’s new proposal concerning the European Border and Coast Guard, the authors point to its main objects, innovative nature of the proposed solutions as well as a substantial policy change that can be seen in the new proposal. When analysing the proposal and its amendments from a criminological perspective, the authors indicate a new interpretation of the concept of intelligence-led policing as well as its implementation with regard to the EU’s border and security policies, both in their internal and external aspects. When examining the most important premises of the organisational, institutional and operational mandate of the EBCG, the authors not only examine the establishment of the EU’s new border police, but also confirm the need to define a strategy for the operation of the Service, especially with regard to its operational activities and intelligence, in order for the Service to effectively and fully implement its mandate, at the same time making a major contribution to fighting threats to a broadly defined security of the EU (terrorism, uncontrolled migrations, organised crime). What is essential to this is the introduction of a sustainable — respectful of cultural differences but also effective — way to create policing policies as well as use of new technologies to monitor borders, in line with the adopted intelligence policy. In addition, further bi- and multilateral cooperation with relevant bodies and services of third countries should be maintained and developed, especially taking into account the existing good cooperation practices. In the article the authors analyse the regulatory framework of the new regulation specifying the role and threats of the new Service with regard to personnel and insufficient financing, and point to other difficulties associated with the insufficient implementation of the solidarity clause so far. They also point to the urgent need to formulate a methodology, strategy and relevant training enabling border guards to use the so-called cultural profiling (taking into account the migrants’ cultural and ideological differences) as part of their statutory activities, and at the same time ensuring the highest standard of fundamental right protection.

8

Чесність у взаємозв`язках з механізмами психологічного захисту у поліцейських з різним рівнем професійного самоздійснення

51%

Пономаренко (Ponomarenko) Я. Y.

Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe

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2022

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issue 7(4)

123-130

UK

Висвітлено аналіз вітчизняної та закордонної літератури з проблеми чесності поліцейських в контексті їх професійної діяльності. Розкрито специфіку прояву даної якості та обумовлена важливість даної риси у практиці поліціювання. У вітчизняній психології, чесність розглядається вченими як моральна складова особистості поліцейського, котра свідчить про надійність, психологічну стійкість та відданість своїй професії. У закордонних наукових напрацюваннях чесність інтерпретується через ефективність діяльності, якість контактів з соціумом та готовності виконувати свою діяльність повсякчас. Мета дослідження – визначити психологічні особливості прояву чесності у взаємозв’язках з механізмами психологічного захисту у поліцейських, котрі мають різний рівень професійного самоздійснення (ПС). Завданнями дослідження виступили: 1) теоретичний огляд психологічних досліджень, котрі висвітлюють проблему чесності поліцейських як одну з головних компетенцій у практиці поліціювання та суттєвого критерію при формуванні механізмів психологічного захисту; 2) визначення специфіки прояву показників чесності у взаємозв’язках із механізмами захисту у поліцейських з різним рівнем професійного самоздійснення (ПС). Емпіричною базою дослідження виступили 87 працівників патрульної поліції підрозділів особливого призначення. Вік досліджуваних коливається в межах від 22 до 50 років. Стаж практичної роботи в підрозділах поліції знаходиться в межах від 4 до 20 років. За допомогою «Опитувальник професійного самоздійснення» О. Кокуна та із використанням методу кластеризації за принципом k - середніх нами було сформовано три групи досліджуваних: з низьким, середнім та високим рівнем ПС. До першої групи увійшли поліцейські з низьким рівнем ПС – 43 особи; друга група з середнім півнем ПС становила 20 осіб, третя група високого рівня ПС налічувала 24 особи. До подальшого дослідження були залучені поліцейські з низьким рівнем ПС (перша група) та з високим рівнем (друга група). Для досягнення поставленої мети були використані: опитувальник «Чесність», презентований лабораторією AZPS та опитувальник «Індекс життєвого стилю» Р. Плутчика, Г. Келлермана та Х. Конте. Для виявлення взаємозв’язку між показниками було використано метод математичної статистики – коефіцієнт рангової кореляції Спірмена. Проведений кореляційний аналіз дозволив нам визначити місце чесності у структурі особистості поліціантів й розкрити специфіку захисних психологічних механізмів у поліцейських з різним рівнем ПС. Для поліцейських з низьким рівнем ПС характерні два зв’язки: один позитивний та один негативний. У працівників поліції з високим рівнем ПС визначено два позитивні зв’язки та один негативний.

EN

The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the problem of police honesty in the context of their professional activities is covered. The specifics of the manifestation of this quality are revealed and the importance of this feature in the practice of policing is determined. In domestic psychology, honesty is considered by scientists as a moral component of the police officer’s personality, which testifies to the reliability, psychological stability and devotion to their profession. In foreign studies, honesty is interpreted through the effectiveness of activities, the quality of contacts with society and willingness to perform their activities at all times. The purpose of the study is to determine the psychological characteristics of honesty in the relationship with the mechanisms of psychological protection in police officers who have different levels of professional self-fulfillment (PS). The objectives of the study were: 1) theoretical review of psychological studies, which highlights the problem of honesty of police officers as one of the main competencies in police practice and an essential criterion in the formation of mechanisms of psychological protection; 2) determining the specifics of the manifestation of honesty in police officers with different levels of professional self-fulfillment (PS). The empirical basis of the study was 87 patrol police officers of special forces. The age of the subjects ranges from 22 to 50 years. Experience of practical work in police units ranges from 4 to 20 years. With the help of «Questionnaire of professional self-fulfillment» by O. Kokun and using the method of clustering according to the principle of k - means, we formed three groups of subjects: low, medium and high levels of PS. The first group included police officers with a low level of PS – 43 persons; the second group with an average level of SF was 20 persons, the third group of high-level of PS was 24 persons. Police officers with a low level of PS (first group) and with a high level of PS (second group) were involved in further research. To achieve this goal, the following were used: the “Honesty” questionnaire presented by the AZPS laboratory and the “Lifestyle Index” questionnaire by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman & H.R. Conte. To identify the relationship between indicators, the method of mathematical statistics was used – Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The correlation analysis allowed us to determine the place of honesty in the personality structure of police officers and to reveal the specifics of protective psychological mechanisms in police officers with different levels of PS. A group of police officers with a low-level of PS has two connections: one positive and one negative. Police officers with a high level of PS have two positive connections and one negative one.

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