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EN
The aim of this article is to present one of the main dimensions of sports being used for political reasons – the Olympic Game s Medal Table. In the Cold War Era two geopolitical groups of states searched for ways of confrontation that would allow them to prove their supremacy, but they preferred to avoid military solutions. Sport seemed to be a good solution. Rivalry in the Olympic Games Medal Table was one of the most important dime nsions of this clash, as it was a good tool of presenting overall power of a state. At first, the course of joining the world's sport and Olympic Movement by the Soviet Union was presented, as before WWII this country preferred to stand apart due to ideological reasons. Finally its leaders perceived political advantages of participating in the world’s sport and the USSR eventually debuted in the Olympic Games in 1952 in Helsinki. That moment inaugurated rivalry in the Olympic Games medal table between the East and West, which lasted till the end of the Cold War. The main thesis of the article is that the sport rivalry can be used as an important dimension of political confrontation. In the aspect of the Olympic Games medal table, the thesis suggests that communist states are privileged to achieve better results due to their political and economic systems.
EN
The paper is dedicated to the issue of the relations between sport and politics. Its aim is to explore examples of connections between sport and politics in the situation of conflicts between states. An attempt was made to indicate the ways in which political rivalry is transferred to the world of sport, as well as the aims of the states and the determinants of their actions. The analysis encompasses the following ways in which sport is used politically: competition in the Olympic Games medal ranking, desire to win prestigious contests, hosting sports events, participating in international sport and sports boycotts. As a result of the research, it was observed that assigning political meaning to sport in situations of political confrontation between states is connected either to the desire to enhance a nation’s prestige, or to hit other actors in international relations. It was also observed that non-democratic states particularly often use sport for political reasons.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest zjawisku wzajemnego oddziaływania na siebie światów portu i polityki. Jego celem jest eksploracja przejawów sprzężeń pomiędzy polityką a sportem w sytuacjach występowania konfliktu pomiędzy państwami. Podjęta została próba wskazania sposobów przenoszenia rywalizacji politycznej na grunt sportu, a także celów i uwarunkowań z nimi związanych. Analizie zostały poddane następujące sposoby przenoszenia do świata sportu politycznej konfrontacji pomiędzy państwami: rywalizacja w klasyfikacji medalowej igrzysk olimpijskich, rywalizacja związana z prestiżowymi starciami sportowymi, organizacja imprez sportowych, udział w międzynarodowej rywalizacji sportowej oraz bojkot sportowy. W wyniku badania zauważono, iż nadawanie politycznego znaczenia sportowi w sytuacji konfrontacji politycznej państw może być związane z chęcią podniesienia własnego prestiżu oraz uderzenia w innych aktorów stosunków międzynarodowych. Zauważono ponadto, iż państwa niedemokratyczne mają szczególną tendencję do wykorzystywania sportu w celach politycznych.
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