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EN
The article presents the steps that lead to the creation of the University of Szczecin, as they were reported in “Rzeczpospolita”. The newspaper was the instrument of propaganda and information front of government in Poland in the 80s of the twentieth century. The text has the feature a chronicle text of factual reports about the idea of the University of Szczecin in the pages of the official daily newspaper of the cabinet of Wojciech Jaruzelski. It also contains the minimum necessary explanations of the broader political and social context of the first half of the 80s in the 20th century.
EN
The article analyses proclamations pronounced by four Polish presidents: S. Wojciechowski, I. Mościcki, L. Kaczyński and B. Komorowski. The president’s inaugural proclamation is a ritualised genre directed at the nation, concerning matters of high importance. Its structure depends on the political context which defines the topic, the audience and the role of the rhetoric subject. The proclamations contain axiological vocabulary, defined by the country’s historical situation, as well as pathetic constructions. Also, in this genre the impressive function predominates. The linguistic means of persuasion are independent of the historical period, nonetheless, its intensity differs. The construction of the implied receiver differs from text to text, which is aresult of the role taken by the speaker.
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EN
Thoreau's political reputation in the United States dates from the 1960s when the Americans began to see themselves in a political context. The single most famous fact of Thoreau's life had once been perceived as his going off to Walden Pond in order to drive life into a corner; in the sixties that was superseded by Thoreau's night spent in jail in order to drive the government into a corner. This paper will deal with Thoreau’s impact in both the US and Europe in 1968, as well as two decades later when ‘Civil Disobedience’ became the slogan of the velvet revolutions in Eastern Europe.
EN
The purpose of this article is to determine the political conditions of the amendments introduced to the Constitution of Ukraine regarding the modification of the form of rule: 1) to establish the motives of political subjects that aimed at introducing amendments to the Ukrainian Constitution; 2) to grasp the specific political situation in which the modification of the form of rule in Ukraine took place. The following thesis has been examined: 1) that it were the presidents Leonid Kuchma (1994-2005) and Viktor Yanukovych (2010-2014) who had particular aspirations to modify the semi-presidential form of rule introduced in 1996 in Ukraine; 2) that introducing amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine regarding the modification of the form of rule was the result of a political compromise made between the government and the opposition during the socio-political protest in 2004 (the so-called Orange Revolution) and the mass anti-government protest in 2014 (Euromaidan).
PL
Celem artykułu jest określenie uwarunkowań politycznych dokonywania zmian Konstytucji Ukrainy w zakresie modyfikacji formy rządów: 1) ustalenie motywów podmiotów politycznych dążących do wprowadzenia zmian do Konstytucji Ukrainy; 2) ujęcie specyfiki sytuacji politycznej, w której modyfikowano formę sprawowania rządów na Ukrainie. Sformułowane zostały następujące założenia: 1) szczególne aspiracje w zakresie modyfikacji półprezydenckiej formy rządów wprowadzonej na Ukrainie w 1996 r. wykazywali prezydenci Leonid Kuczma (1994-2005) oraz Wiktor Janukowycz (2010-2014); 2) wprowadzenie zmian do Konstytucji Ukrainy w zakresie modyfikacji formy rządów było efektem kompromisu politycznego zawartego pomiędzy władzą a opozycją podczas protestów społeczno-politycznych w 2004 r. (tzw. pomarańczowa rewolucja) oraz w trakcie masowych antyrządowych protestów w 2014 r. (Euromajdan).
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