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EN
The close connection between content and relation in interactions (see Watzlawick/ Beavin/ Jackson 1974) invites the question of the matter-of-factness in political debates in the media. Politicians tackle controversial issues. Therefore, they are expected to present and maintain their opinions and in this way set the tone of a debate. How long is the tone kept at the content level? Do the maneuvers on the relation level (Schulz von Thun 1194) make a debate chaotic? The aim of the article is to analyze verbal and nonverbal tactics of the participants of a political debate that influence the level of interaction.
EN
The article presents politicians’ views – often referring to scientific findings – on the reason of a relatively high infant mortality rate in Germany just before the First World War; it also outlines the remedies for that phenomenon. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of the published stenographic records of the meetings at the Reichstag building. The narrative is based on an objective comparative method, according to which a direct assessment of facts, events and processes is forbidden. The juxtaposed contents highlight a strong polarisation of political views, on the one hand represented by social democrats, and on the other by the rest of the members of Parliament and people connected with the Government, which allows insight into the theoretical and practical premises of the actions undertaken.
EN
The aim of this article is to reconstruct the main ideological assumptions present in the Polish political debate about the migration crisis in Europe in 2015. The article also poses research questions about the extent to which the ideological beliefs manifested by the participants in the debate posed a risk of distorting reality, as well as questions about the ways in which specific ideological beliefs were imposed on the public and political opponents. The main method used in the article is a qualitative discourse analysis based on elements of the mediation approach proposed by Tomasz Piekot. The identification of the main ideological assumptions present in linguistic political messages was conducted taking into account the generalised division between supporters and opponents of Polish participation in the relocation and resettlement mechanism established in 2015 at the forum of the European Union. The analysis was based on theoretical considerations concerning the concept of ideology, as well as the relationships between politics, ideologies, language, and political debate. The analysis shows that in the case of both of the principal sides of the political dispute on the topic addressed, there were simplifications, generalisations, metaphors and examples of hyperbole distorting the picture of reality caused by ideological assumptions. Both supporters and opponents of relocation and resettlement utilised ideologically motivated instrumental linguistic behaviours in order to achieve their assumed political goal. The issue of Polish participation in the relocation mechanism was automatically and excessively simplified by attempts to identify it with such issues as humanitarianism, security, and European solidarity.
EN
The aim of the article is to reconstruct the main ideological assumptions present in the Polish political debate on the immigration crisis in Europe in 2015. The article also formulates research questions about the extent to which the ideological beliefs manifested by the participants in the debate posed a risk of falsifying (distorting) the image of reality, as well as about the ways in which specific ideological beliefs were imposed on the public opinion and political opponents. The main method used in the article is a qualitative politological discourse analysis based on elements of the mediation approach proposed by Tomasz Piekot. The identification of the main ideological assumptions present in the language of political messages was carried out taking into account the generalized division between supporters and opponents of the participation of the Polish state in the implementation of the relocation and resettlement mechanism established in 2015 at the forum of the European Union. The analysis was based on theoretical considerations concerning the category of ideology, as well as the relationship between the categories of politics, ideologies, language and political debate. The analysis shows that in the case of both main sides of the political dispute on the topic addressed, there were simplifications, generalisations, metaphors or hyperboles distorting the image of reality caused by the ideological assumptions made. Both supporters and opponents of relocation and resettlement resorted to instrumental linguistic behaviours motivated by ideology in order to achieve the assumed main political goal. The issue of the Polish state's participation in the implementation of the relocation mechanism was automatically and excessively simplified by attempts to identify it with such issues as humanitarianism, security and European solidarity.
EN
The article breaks new ground in the integrated study of structural and semantic manifestations of political debate in online discourse during the period of election campaign. The study of political debate in the presidential election campaign is considered to be of vital importance as it makes possible to analyze the evolution of political thinking as well as to find the ways of civilized political dialogue, which is extremely important for the world community. In modern international arena, political debate is viewed as a contention or dispute over political issues and controversial topics. In the article, given political debate (polemics) is regarded as a contentious argument that is intended to support a specific position through attacks on a contrary position. The paper studies the political debate as a genre of literature through the description and analysis of its semantic content in which journalistic genre, political narrative and political discourse are reflected; it also defines the role and place of political debate in architectonics and compositional organization of English political discourse. According to the objectives, integrated linguo-stylistic analysis of the structure of modern political debate in the online discourse has been conducted as well as lexical and semantic ranging of lingual units in the space of political debate has been highlighted. The study has clarified new ways of arranging semantic space and explored stylistic resources of language in the political debate.
PL
rtykuł przełamuje standardy przyjęte w zintegrowanych badaniach nad strukturalnymi i semantycznymi formami wyrazu obecnymi w debacie politycznej prowadzonej online jako dyskurs w okresie kampanii wyborczej. Badanie debaty politycznej odbywającej się w prezydenckiej kampanii wyborczej uznaje się za niezwykle ważne, gdyż umożliwia ono analizę ewolucji politycznego myślenia jak również ukazuje przebieg cywilizowanego dialogu politycznego, co jest niezmiernie ważne dla światowego odbiorcy. Na współczesnej arenie międzynarodowej dialog polityczny postrzegany jest jako pojedynek na argumenty czy dysputa w kwestiach politycznych i kontrowersyjnych. W niniejszym artykule, debata polityczna (polemika) postrzegana jest jako argument zaczepny użyty w celu wzmocnienia obranego punktu widzenia w ataku na odmienny punkt widzenia. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje debatę polityczną jako gatunek literacki poprzez analizę jej treści semantycznych, które odzwierciedlają stronę dziennikarską, narrację polityczną i dyskurs polityczny; ponadto, artykuł określa rolę i miejsce debaty politycznej z punktu widzenia budowy i kompozycji angielskiego dyskursu politycznego. Stosownie do zamierzeń, przeprowadzona została zintegrowana analiza lingwistyczno-stylistyczna struktury współczesnej debaty politycznej prowadzonej w formie dyskursu online a także ukazana została częstotliwość występowania leksykalnych i semantycznych jednostek językowych w przestrzeni debaty politycznej. Badania sprecyzowały nowe podejście do tworzenia przestrzeni semantycznej i penetrowały materiały dotyczące stylistyki języka debaty politycznej.
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