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Aktualność filozofii politycznej Akwinaty. Ostrzeżenia epistemologiczne z XIII wieku

100%
Machowski A.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
|
2023
|
vol. 2
|
issue 12
163-179
EN
As early as the thirteenth century, St. Thomas Aquinas clearly recognized certain epistemological threats to the political sphere of human functioning, with his insights gaining a special dimension today. This is because the crisis of rationality we are experiencing in our societies has its origins in a false perception of reality (idealistic constructivism), in the „messianic” tendencies of contemporary politics (ideologization of political and social life) and, finally, in a kind of „sexualization” of public debate (accelerating since the 1968 revolution). All these dangers cause disorders in the cognitive sphere of man, especially as to communal life, and do not allow for the proper functioning of human society. The solution would be to turn to a realistic political epistemology, which was consciously Aquinas’ choice centuries ago, and which would allow us to really see the real problems plaguing modern societies and really overcome them.
2
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Post Post-Truth: Epistemologies of Disintegration and the Praxeology of Truth

88%
Kleeberg B.
Stan Rzeczy
|
2019
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issue 2(17) A New Culture of Truth
25-52
EN
Our truth culture has changed. Yet we are not living in a post-truth era but in a truth era – an observation of the ongoing debates shows a proliferation of invocations of truth. This paper argues that in order to grasp this transition, we should not refer to classical truth theories or common oppositions such as knowledge and belief, objectivity and subjectivity. Instead, we should focus on concrete practices in concrete situations: on “doing truth.” This paper introduces the concept of a “praxeology of truth,” which sets out to analyse truth by means of two parameters: “truth scenes” and “truth figures.” In suggesting that to ask about truth is to pose the question of power, it follows Michel Foucault, but it regards the invocation of truth as a technique of identity politics and truth as a social operator.
3
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Alfred Tozzer entre supervivencias. Inicios de la manufactura etnográfica de una civilización en la selva de Chiapas

51%
Escalona Victoria J. L.
Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny
|
2024
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vol. 32
|
issue 4 (126)
119-140
EN
This article examines some details from Alfred Tozzer's unpublished field notes taken during his first journeys through the Yucatan Peninsula and the Selva of Chiapas as an anthropology student in the early 20th century. In his notes and in his later published dissertation, we see how Tozzer's explorations were guided by the search for the remnants of the past contained in religion. Therefore, in his ethnography, the first on this people, he focussed on rituals and utensils. In his later analysis, Tozzer focused on analogies between his ethnographic notes and documents or archaeological remains from the past, looking for connections between themes such as the calendar, the gods and the writing system. Through his field notes and publications, then, we can see how part of a broader epistemological framework functioned with its fascinations, relevant questions, certainties and uncertainties. Studying these notes is a way of approaching the themes of ethnography that were to emerge in the coming decades, at the beginning of the narrative of the emergence of Maya civilisation and the formation process of anthropology as a scientific discipline at the beginning of the 20th century. It is, in short, a way of approaching the anthropology of this elementary and primitive time in an impressive way.
ES
En este artículo se exploran algunos detalles de las notas de campo no publicadas de Alfred Tozzer, escritas durante sus primeros viajes por la Península de Yucatán y por la selva de Chiapas, cuando era estudiante de antropología, a inicios del siglo XX. En sus notas, y en su tesis publicada posteriormente, se vislumbra la manera en que la exploración de Tozzer estaba orientada por una búsqueda de supervivencias del pasado alojadas en la religión. Por eso su etnografía, la primera sobre estos pueblos, priorizaba el ritual y la parafernalia. En su análisis posterior, Tozzer se enfocó en las analogías entre sus registros etnográficos y los documentos o restos arqueológicos del pasado, buscando conexiones en temas como el calendario, los dioses y la escritura. Sus notas de campo y sus publicaciones permiten así ver cómo operaba parte de un marco epistemológico más amplio, con sus fascinaciones, sus preguntas relevantes, sus certezas y sus incertidumbres. Estudiar estas notas es una forma de acercarnos a los temas de la etnografía, predominantes en las décadas venideras, al inicio de la forja de la narrativa de la civilización maya, y al proceso de formación de la antropología como disciplina científica a inicios del siglo XX; es, en síntesis, una forma de acercarnos a una poderosa forma de hacer antropología de este tiempo elemental y primitivo
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