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EN
The paper presents the problem of security culture in the public communication, especially in political invective.. The sources of aggressive language in political life, the specificity of political invective and linguistic means for insulting political opponent were presented. There were described the social and ethical consequences of using aggressive linguistic means against a political opponent. Verbal fencing, and often brutal battle of words have been written in the ritual of governance, which involves a more or less excited listeners, readers, viewers, because for them the language games are organized.
EN
The author of the article examines strategies used to belittle political opponents in the underground press published in Poland in 1939–1945. It turns out that the language of political propaganda in the period had many communication strategies employed in the fight against political rivals, often regarded as enemies. The author presents examples of how political invectives were used in a very important period of power struggle among political parties operating in the underground.
EN
The subject of this article is the description of selected invectives used to discredit the opponent (mainly the government and the Minister of Health) by vaccination sceptics on the social networking site Facebook. In the discourse in question, we observe diverse linguistic means of depreciation, among which a special place is occupied by those referring to anti-Semitic and war themes. The analytical material is a corpus of texts containing Facebook users' comments. The research focuses on analyzing ways of negative valuing (depreciating) the opponent and shows the linguistic means used for this purpose. Among them are the following terms: jude Niedziel, criminals, Dr. Mengele a.k.a. Niedzielski, covid hitlers, genocide.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest opis wybranych inwektyw służących dyskredytacji przeciwnika (głównie rządu i ministra zdrowia), jakimi na portalu społecznościowym Facebook posługują się osoby sceptyczne wobec szczepień. W omawianym dyskursie obserwujemy zróżnicowane środki językowe służące deprecjacji, wśród nich szczególne miejsce zajmują te, które odwołują się do wątków antysemickich i wojennych. Materiał analityczny stanowi korpus tekstów zawierających komentarze użytkowników Facebooka. Badania koncentrują się na analizie sposobów negatywnego wartościowania (deprecjonowania) przeciwnika i pokazują wykorzystywane w tym celu środki językowe. Wśród nich można wymienić m.in. określenia: jude Niedziel, zbrodniarze, dr Mengele vel Niedzielski, covidowe hitlerki, ludobójstwo.
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