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EN
This essay focuses on political implications of Derrida’s messianicité as a form of Marrano messianism: a universal vision of community “out of joints” which, despite its disjointedness and inner separation, nonetheless addresses itself as “we” (although always in inverted commas). By referring to the generalized “Marrano experience” – the fate of those Sephardic Jews who were forced to convert to Christianity and, in consequence, became neither Jewish nor Christian – Derrida takes the Marrano as his paradigmatic political figure of a “rogue” (voyou) who escapes every identity politics. In Derrida’s project of “living together” (vivre ensemble), the Marrano stands for the non-participatory remnant of otherness which is not just the other of this or that particular tradition, but becomes a bearer of a new universalism, based not on the abstract notion of human nature but on the non-identity, a distance-from-identity or what Yirmijahu Yovel calls the “non-integral identity.”
PL
Esej ten jest próbą krytyki tak zwanej “krytyki antysystemowej”, wystosowaną z pozycji afirmacji nowoczesności jako epoki, która postawiła na prymat życia nad myśleniem. Odwołując się do koncepcji Marshalla Bermana, zwanej tu „witalistycznym marksizmem”, esej podkreśla unikatową i odrębną rolę pojęcia życia w modernitas, które przeciwstawia się wszelkim apriorycznym i odgórnym projektom intelektualnym. Zdumiewająca zgodność myśli prawicowej i lewicowej w odniesieniu do nowoczesności wynika jego zdaniem stąd, że wszyscy ci myśliciele są właśnie nade wszystko myślicielami, wciąż jeszcze wyznającymi stary, przednowoczesny, Platoński prymat myślenia nad życiem. W swej części konstruktywnej natomiast esej ten przedstawia nowoczesną ideę „życia obiecanego”, które mogłoby stać się natchnieniem nowego typu myślicieli, lojalnych wobec projektu nowoczesności.
EN
This essay constitutes an attempt to criticize the so-called anti-systemic critique from the positions which strongly affirm modernity as an epoch based on the primacy of life over thinking. By referring to the ideas of Marshall Bermann which he called “Marxist Vitalism”, this essay emphasizes a unique and innovative role of the concept of life in modernity as opposed to any apriorical and preestablished intellectual project. The seemingly astonishing harmony between the Left and Right variants of “anti-modernism” consists precisely in the fact that all those thinkers who criticize modernity are most of all thinkers who naturally assume the old, premodern, essentially Platonic primacy of thinking over life. In its constructive part, the essay presents the modern idea of a “promised life” which it links to political messianism; it expresses an optimistic belief that it can become a new inspiration for the thinkers to come who will accept the specificity of modernitas and learn how to be loyal to its premises.
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