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EN
A territorial division of a country constitutes the basis of a current organization of the communal life; hence its stability is a fundamental condition of an effective administration in a local, regional as well as statewide scale. Therefore, political parties that are involved in drafting the law as well as are entitled to accept or reject acts shall perform for the benefit of general public, but for particular reasons.
EN
The study primarily deals with the influence of media on perception of political subject agendas by the media audience. It will concentrate on the strategy of political subjects whose utmost objective is to provoke the specific effect – to draw attention of media and recipients and to force them to pay attention to their agendas. It underlines the practices of political subjects in gaining influence on media as well as on the public by offering their own agendas. It also deals with the role and procedures of media in interpreting political scandals and creating atmosphere in the framework of receiving the events by the target audience.
EN
The subject of this article is the vision for energy policy in the political programs of the largest Polish political parties in 2019. It should be emphasized that energy policy’s main goal is to ensure energy security. The aim of the research undertaken by the author is to identify, discuss and compare the concepts for ensuring Poland’s energy security in the event of various parties winning the parliamentary elections. The following research problems were used to achieve the research objectives defined in this way: to what extent is Poland’s energy security present in the analyzed political programs? Through what tools have the largest political parties in Poland created the energy dimension of security? What are the main difficulties in ensuring Poland’s energy security highlighted by the political parties studied? Is there a convergence of political parties in the vision of guaranteeing Poland’s energy security? The following research methods were used in the article: comparative and source analysis. The content analysis technique was also used.
PL
Przedmiotem badań niniejszego artykułu jest wizja kreowania polityki energetycznej obecna w programach politycznych największych polskich partii politycznych w 2019 roku. Należy podkreślić, iż głównym jej celem jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego. Celami podjętych przez autora badań jest wskazanie, omówienie i porównanie koncepcji zapewnienia Polsce bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w przypadku wygrania wyborów parlamentarnych. Do osiągnięcia tak określonych celów badań posłużyły następujące problemy badawcze: w jakim zakresie zapewnienie Polsce bezpieczeństwa energetycznego jest obecne w analizowanych programach politycznych? Poprzez jakie narzędzia największe partie polityczne w Polsce kreowały energetyczny wymiar bezpieczeństwa? Jakie główne trudności w zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski uwypuklają badane partie polityczne? Czy istnieje zbieżność partii politycznych w wizji zagwarantowania Polsce bezpieczeństwa energetycznego? W poniższym artykule posłużono się następującymi metodami badawczymi: porównawczą oraz analizy źródeł. Zastosowano również technikę analizy treści.
EN
The article focuses on the essence of populism and fascism in the context of the political regime in Romania. It analyses the real threat of fascism in the interwar period in Romania as well as a negative impact on the socio-economic sphere in the Romanian society. The article also points to the fact that the fascist party in Romania was short-lived. The dictatorship of Ion Antonesku and his followers, in fact, implemented some points of their program (eg, anti-Semitic activities), adopting mate nationalistic and conservative ideology, but it did not accept the fascist revolutionary ideas and totalitarian structures. Populism is a good option for election campaigns. After all, people always like a simple and understandable way without undue burden. Human logic and speculation aid such a way. Nevertheless, populism is a nourishment for authoritarian leaders.
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