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1

Трансформация механизмов управления в Польше после 1989 года

100%

Залесны Я.

Studia Politologiczne

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2013

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issue 30

42-67

EN

In Poland, the process of departing from concentrated state power typical of the communist countries began in 1989. It was triggered by the Round Table agreement. Unexpectedly, the collapse of the communist authorities was hastened by the results of June elections to the Sejm and the Senate. They pointed out the scale of the nation’s disappointment in the communist rule, the effect of which was that in autumn of 1989 the government was formed for the first time in a few tens of years dominated by the political opposition. The process of political, economic and social changes got deeper, including the change of the political axiology of a communist state in December 1989 into the one adequate for a democratic state of law. Transformations in the political structures of citizens overlapped the transformations in the system of the state power. The opposition, originally united around the “Solidarity” trade union, split right after the breakthrough of 1989 into political parties typical of contemporary states, with the characteristic multitude of opposing views and ambitions, which blocked the possibility of working out a constitutional compromise by the main participants in political relations, with simultaneous existence of legal solutions that did not adjust the political reality. As a result of seeking a temporary modus vivendi, in 1992 the so-called Small Constitution was accepted. It was not until 1997 that a constitutional agreement was concluded in the Parliament, the effect of which was the passage of a new, now binding Constitution. The Constitution from 2 April 1997 provides for the mechanisms of government proper for a rationalized system of parliamentary-cabinet system, with a simultaneous emphasis on the special role of Prime Minister as the actual head of the government. As such, it works in the process of its application.

2

Transformations in the Mechanisms of Government

100%

Zaleśny J.

Studia Politologiczne

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2014

|

vol. 31

38-63

EN

In Poland, the process of departing from concentrated state power typical of the communist countries began in 1989. It was triggered by the Round Table agreement. Unexpectedly, the collapse of the communist authorities was hastened by the results of June elections to the Sejm and the Senate. They pointed out the scale of the nation’s disappointment in the communist rule, the effect of which was that in autumn of 1989 the government that was formed, for the first time in a few decades of years was dominated by the political opposition. The process of political, economic and social changes got deeper, including the change of the political axiology of a communist state in December 1989 into the one adequate for a democratic state of law. Transformations in the political structures of citizens overlapped the transformations in the system of the state power. The opposition, originally united around the “Solidarity” trade union, split right after the breakthrough of 1989 into political parties typical of contemporary states, with the characteristic multitude of opposing views and ambitions, which blocked the possibility of working out a constitutional compromise by the main participants in political relations, with simultaneous existence of legal solutions that did not adjust the political reality. As a result of seeking a temporary modus vivendi, in 1992 the so-called Small Constitution was accepted. It was not until 1997 that a constitutional agreement was concluded in the Parliament, the effect of which was the passage of a new, now binding Constitution. The Constitution of 2 April 1997 provides for the mechanisms of government proper for a rationalized system of parliamentarycabinet system, with a simultaneous emphasis on the special role of Prime Minister as the actual head of the government. As such, it works in the process of its application.

3

POLISH POLITICS AFTER THE TRANSFORMATION. CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

63%

Sulowski S., Zaleśny J., i inni i. i.

Studia Politologiczne

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2014

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vol. 31

1-214

EN

The present volume of Studia Politologiczne sets to explore Polish politics in the country’s post-transformation period. It does not intend to provide a finite answer to the complex and persistently debated questions in the literature on the subject, that is whether the transformation process has now been completed in all its areas, so that we can truly speak of a post-transformation policy, or is it the case that, within the different areas of political relations, we are dealing with various dynamics of the transformation processes, and accordingly, different rates of progress of the transformation? Presented here is the outcome of continued research on the transformation pursued at the Institute of Political Science, University of Warsaw. In addition to publications analysing the various aspects of Polish transformation, the Institute has published books which provide a multi-dimensional study of the course and effects of political changes taking place in Poland since 1989. Three of them in particular must be mentioned here: Poland: Government and Politics (1997), The Political System of Poland (2007), and Dylematy polskiej transformacji, published in 2008, and its English version Dilemmas of the Polish Transformation published in 2010.

4

Структура и векторы перемен экономической политики

63%

Staniszewski R.

Studia Politologiczne

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2013

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issue 30

178-201

EN

In the article, the author analyses the vital process of structural economic policy in Poland in the period of the system transformation, that is ownership transformations, without which the transformation of the political system after 1989 would not have been possible. The author, describing particular stages of shaping the perception of market economy, characterizes it against the background of the crucial social and political events that took place in Poland during the transformation. The author also refers to the formal and legal aspects of ownership transformations, paying special attention to the basic normative acts which regulated the process of the economical transformation in the years 1990-2012. The reflections concerning the structure and the directions of economic policy in the dimension of ownership transformations are closed with an assessment of the process and indications concerning the directions of its future changes, with special attention paid to such factors as competitiveness and innovativeness of economy, which determine the position of the State on the international arena in the contemporary world.

5

ПОЛЬСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ПОСЛЕ ПЕРИОДА ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

51%

Суловски С., Залесны Я., i inni i. i.

Studia Politologiczne

|

2013

|

issue 30

1-230

RU

Переведенный том «Политических исследований» посвящен вопросам польской политики после периода трансформации. Мы не решаем сложного и все еще дискутируемого в тематической литературе вопроса, был ли процесс трансформации завершен во всех ее сферах, и можно ли однозначно говорить о политике после периода трансформации или же во многих плоскостях политических отношений имеем дело с неоднородной динамикой трансформационных процессов, и в результате – с неодинаковым уровнем изменений. Настоящий том является результатом продолжения исследований Институтом политических наук Варшавского университета по проблемам периода трансформации. Кроме публикаций, касающихся отдельных аспектов польской трансформации, в Институте были созданы труды, во многих аспектах рассматривающие направления и результаты политических изменений, имевших место в Польше после 1989 года. Особенно, необходимо упомянуть о четырех из них: «Poland: Government and Politics» (1997), «The Political System of Poland» (2007) и изданной в 2008 году работе под названием «Дилеммы польской трансформации», англоязычная версия которой звучит «Dilemma’s of Polish Transformation» (опубликована в 2010 году). Даже если предположить, что Польша 2013 года представляет собой государство, прошедшее трансформацию, остаются вопросы относительно качества и надежности проделанной работы. Тем не менее, сам процесс преобразования от политического режима реального социализма к либеральной демократии в современной ее версии следует признать завершенным. Трансформация государственного устройства Польши характеризовалась индивидуальной спецификой и динамикой развития, которая отличалась от динамики, зафиксированной в остальных посткоммунистических государствах. Эти проблемы были изложены в последней из упомянутых коллективных работ, на них ссылаются также исследования, предлагаемые Вам в данный момент. Переломным событием, подводящим итог происходящих преобразований государственного устройства, было принятие в 1997 году новой конституции. Это произошло позже, чем в большинстве государств региона, но в то же время, с учетом их опыта.

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5 Studia Politologiczne

2 Zaleśny J.

2 i inni i. i.

2 Залесны Я.

1 Staniszewski R.

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1 Суловски С.

2 2014

3 2013

Трансформация механизмов управления в Польше после 1989 года

Transformations in the Mechanisms of Government

POLISH POLITICS AFTER THE TRANSFORMATION. CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

Структура и векторы перемен экономической политики

ПОЛЬСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ПОСЛЕ ПЕРИОДА ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ