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EN
The outline discusses Stanisław Barańczak’s fascination with Witold Wirpsza’s works. Its clearest symptom was his infection with Wirpsza’s ‘stylistic tissue’, which is something Barańczak himself admitted. This infection is clearly visible in the first three collections: Facial Corrections (Korekta twarzy), Without Stopping for Breath (Jednym tchem) and Morning Journal (Dziennik poranny). The key sources of references and inspirations for these collections were Wirpsza’s poems from the collection Superstitions (Przesądy) and the digressional poem Faeton. The article demonstrates how Stanisław Barańczak presents the readers with a specific ‘key to Wirpsza’ in his works of literary criticism. According to the author of The Diffident and the Proud (Nieufni i zadufani), literary criticism was unable to cope with Wirpsza. What pushed the young poet from Poznan to remodel the reading of Wirpsza’s poetry and to make significant changes to contemporary poetic tendencies was the collection Superstitions (Przesądy) published byWirpsza in 1966, one year after his essay collection Game of Meaning (Gra znaczeń). Barańczak assigned Wirpsza to the language poetry movement. In his later accounts of reading, Barańczak the critic suggested that there was a ‘deep gap’ between Wirpsza’s achievements from various periods of his work. He claimed that Wirpsza was first a political poet, and he wanted to perceive the later stages of the life of the ‘poet-idol’, generally, as undergoing ‘rapid and dramatic changes’: one of the socialist realist poets, experimenter, a difficult poet, original theoretician accused of creating ‘art for art’s sake’ and ‘excessive hermeticism’ and finally an ‘emigrant’ who turned out to be a political writer, only to become, finally and unexpectedly, a religious poet.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the idea of politics that has been developing in the modern approach since the Enlightenment in the context of the concepts of agonism and antagonism in the view of the Belgian philosopher Chantal Mouffe. The research material will be constituted by Croatian political writings (mainly from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries), which is the field where the authors have developed local versions of the dominant conceptions of politics, indicating its purpose, scope, and social role in relation to local conditions. Following changes taking place within the concept of politics allows to demonstrate how the idea of political agon and agonistics, understood as an area of fundamental social and cultural conflict, has developed within the Croatian cultural context.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie idei polityki rozwijającej się w nowoczesnym ujęciu od czasów oświecenia w kontekście pojęć agonizmu i antagonizmu w ujęciu belgijskiej filozofki Chantal Mouffe. Za materiał badawczy posłuży chorwackie piśmiennictwo polityczne (głównie z XIX i XX wieku), będące polem, na którym autorzy rozwijali rodzime wersje dominujących koncepcji polityki, wskazując jej cel, zakres i rolę społeczną w odniesieniu do lokalnych uwarunkowań. Prześledzenie zmian zachodzących w obrębie idei polityki pozwoli zademonstrować, w jaki sposób na chorwackim gruncie rozwijała się idea agonistyki i agonu politycznego.
PL
Tekst ma charakter źródłoznawczy. Jego podstawą źródłową jest szlachecka publicystyka polityczna. Celem było sprawdzenie, jak postrzegano genezę, skutki oraz najbardziej charakterystyczne cechy Reformacji w okresie od pierwszego bezkrólewia do połowy XVII w., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem apogeum działań kontrreformacyjnych za panowania Zygmunta III Wazy. Autorka podjęła próbę odpowiedzi na kilka podstawowych pytań: 1. Czy i w jakim zakresie sięgano do tradycji reformacji jako ruchu religijnego. 2. Jak głęboko sięgała pamięć historyczna i wiedza o luterańskich początkach Reformacji ludzi, którzy w większości związani byli z reformacją kalwińską. 3. Jakie cechy i skutki reformacji uznawano za najważniejsze dla losów protestantyzmu w Rzeczypospolitej. 4. Jak wykorzystywano odwołania do tradycji reformacji w dyskursie politycznym. 5. Czy przedmiotem zainteresowania publicystów szlacheckich była tylko reformacja polska, czy także dzieje reformacji i protestantyzmu w innych krajach europejskich.
EN
The text is of a research nature. Its source basis is political writing and its aim is to check how the genesis, consequences and most characteristic features of the Reformation were perceived in the period from the first interregnum to the Bar Confederation, with particular emphasis on the apogee of Counter-Reformation activities under the reign of Sigismund III Vasa. Th e author has attempted to answer some key questions: 1. Whether and to what extent the Reformation tradition was referred to as a religious movement. 2. How deeply the historical memory and knowledge of the Lutheran beginnings of the Reformation reached those people who were mostly associated with the Calvinist Reformation. 3. What features and consequences of the Reformation were considered the most important for the fate of Protestantism in the Commonwealth. 4. How references to the Reformation tradition were used in political discourse. 5. Whether it was only the Polish Reformation, or also the history of the Reformation and Protestantism in other European countries, that was the subject of interest to journalists of the nobility.
EN
The article presents the sources of inspiration, assumptions and implementation of a long-term (2009–2018) project devoted to the biography of Professor Józef Kostrzewski, a leading 20th-century Polish prehistorian. This project was implemented by the author of the article as an employee of the Archaeological Museum in Poznań, and later, following retirement, as a worker in the Poznań Branch of the Archives of the Polish Academy of Sciences. As a result of an extensive archival and bibliographic query, a number of new facts about the life and work of the Professor were unearthed, especially regarding his activities outside the academic field of interest (including a number of social, patriotic and religious initiatives, often carried out within the underground movement, since Poland existed only as a partitioned land). The results obtained will be soon presented in a monograph entitled Żywot długi, pracowity i spełniony. Profesor Józef Kostrzewski (1885–1969) – prehistoryk, patriota, Europejczyk, which is underway since 2014 in co-authorship with Dr. Jarmila Elżbieta Kaczmarek.
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