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EN
The Act on Medical Activity is a move in the right direction, but without concurrent comprehensive changes to the shape of the entire system it is incomplete. The legislature did not avoid imperfections, despite the fact that the project was prepared in a quiet mode, without haste and without clear temporary order, as it usually happens. Thirty months after the Act was passed, medical services market observers suggest amendments and introduction of new regulations to the Act. However, the authorities do not seem to hear these comments and criticism.
EN
The healthcare sector is a specific area of economic life. It is connected with people’s strong emotional involvement, especially these people who are forced to use its services. Therefore, formulating any theoretical analysis without value judgments is almost impossible. The author tried to prove that, from the economic point of view, medical service belongs to typical private goods, despite the general social belief that the state should address the issue of health care. However, in countries that have a long tradition of state presence in healthcare, it is difficult to deregulate this sector. At the end, it is worth quoting Devera’s idea that healthcare system consumes up to 90% of expenditures on health care and results in only 10% reduction of mortality. In comparison, spending on promotion of healthy lifestyle consumes approximately 1.5% of expenditures on health care but it reduces mortality by around 40%. Similar financial allocations on the protection of natural environment have a potential impact on the reduction of mortality of approximately 20%. Expenditures on human biology amount approximately to 7% and they could reduce mortality of people by around 30%. It may be worth trying to make society aware that their choices have a much greater impact on the environment than it is commonly thought.
PL
Wspólnym mianownikiem łączącym Polskę, Rosję i Turcję jest powszechna świadomość szkodliwości zarówno alkoholu jak i tytoniu. Celem niniejszej pracy jest sprawdzenie czy świadomość ta przekłada się również na podobne rozwiązania prawne zastosowane w tym zakresie. Poza rozważaniami dotyczącymi prawodawstwa podjęta zostanie również próba znalezienia możliwych przyczyn różnego podejścia do stosowania omawianych przepisów prawa w każdym z trzech analizowanych krajów. Artykuł został podzielony na trzy zasadnicze części. W pierwszej zostały omówione społeczne i prawne aspekty palenia tytoniu i spożywania alkoholu w Polsce. W drugiej części opisane zostały przepisy prawa tureckiego i rosyjskiego w powyższym zakresie. Następnie dokonane zostało porównanie rozwiązań prawnych wszystkich trzech omawianych krajów. Ostatnia część poświęcona została kwestii zróżnicowania w zakresie skuteczności zastosowanych przepisów.
EN
The widespread awareness of harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption may be a common denominator for Poland, Russia and Turkey. The aim of the paper is to check whether this awareness is then translated into similar legal solutions. The authors reflect upon the legislation itself, and next venture to identify some possible causes for differences in approach to the said legislation in every of the three countries. The article is divided into three main parts. The first part discusses social and legal aspects of tobacco and alcohol consumption in Poland. Next, relevant Turkish and Russian legislation is described, and the comparison of legal solutions, as adopted by the three countries, is made. Finally, the authors discuss differences in the effective enforcement of the said legislation.
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