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EN
The state’s liability for tort according to the principle of equity was introduced in Poland for the first time in the act from 1956 on the State’s liability for damages done by the state functionaries. Respects of equity assume an assessment of the situation when the damage occurred through the prism of moral convictions and axiological principles consolidated in the society and accepted in the legal system. The assessment of the validity of adjudication for damages should consider both the objective circumstances of the matter and the injured person’s situation. Liability comes into play in the situation when the damage was done by the action of an organ of public authority which was according to the law. The exceptional character of liability determines limiting it only to the injuries on a person, which is justified by the special character of goods included within compensation protection.
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the ideological basis of concepts that underpinned the establishment of the Codification Commission by virtue of the Act of 3 June 1919 and to assess its position within the system of authorities of the Second Republic of Poland. The author has found that the issues around shaping the relations of the Codification Commission with the Government and the Sejm have been covered in literature of the subject in a one-sided manner. Authors who have devoted their attention to the issue of autonomy of the Codification Commission formulated their evaluations based on the interpretation of the regulations in the drafts of the Act that established the Commission, as well as on their subsequent application that enabled the restriction of this autonomy. They did not, however, sufficiently account for the ideological declarations, thus in fact rejecting the deputies’ assertions of their striving to ensure “complete autonomy and self-sufficiency” of the Codification Commission, and the Government’s affirmations that it did not aim to “subject” the Commission to its control. Meanwhile, the author’s intention is to show that there was a widespread consensus at the time, especially at the Sejm, which sovereignly decided on the wording of the Act on the Codification Commission, that deputies had adopted a law that sufficiently protected the autonomous status of the Commission and its apolitical nature.
EN
The Civil Code is one of the most important statutory instruments regulating civil matters in Poland and France. The aim of the paper is to make the readers acquainted with the development of the civil code in Poland and France and to show the impact of the French Code civil on the contemporary Polish legal language. The author presents techniques of providing equivalents for non-equivalent terminology applied in the translation of the Code rendered by F.K. Szaniawski in 1808. It is stressed here that despite the fact that borrowings, as a technique of providing equivalents which is highly criticised, still affected the Polish legal language (e.g. hipoteka [hypothèque], pupil [pupille], inwentarz [inventaire], testator [testateur]).
PL
Kodeks cywilny jest zbiorem najważniejszych przepisów prawa cywilnego. Stanowi dla tłumacza nieocenioną bazę terminologiczną. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie historii francuskiego i polskiego kodeksu cywilnego oraz ukazanie wpływu, jaki wywarł akt francuski, na terminologię współczesnego polskiego języka prawa cywilnego. Przypomnienie historii powstawania pierwszej urzędowej wersji tłumaczenia Kodeksu Napoleona na język polski jest pretekstem do omówienia technik tworzenia terminów bezekwiwalentowych, na przykładach zaczerpniętych z tłumaczenia F.K. Szaniawskiego z 1808 r. Zastosowane przez niego zapożyczenia, mimo iż źle widziane i szeroko krytykowane na początku XIX w., ostatecznie weszły do polskiego języka prawnego oraz prawniczego, na przykład: hipoteka [hypothèque], pupil [pupille], inwentarz [inventaire], testator [testateur]. Autorka porównuje także systematykę obu kodeksów oraz nazwy poszczególnych jednostek redakcyjnych.
FR
Le Code civil est un recueil officiel des plus importantes dispositions législatives du droit civil. Il forme une base terminologique inestimable pour le traducteur. L’objectif de l’article est de présenter l’histoire du Code civil français et polonais et de montrer l’influence de l’acte français sur la terminologie de la langue contemporaine polonaise du droit civil. Un rappel historique sur la création de la première version officielle du Code de Napoléon en langue polonaise sert de point de départ pour traiter le problème de formation des termes dépourvus d’un équivalent dans les exemples tirés de la traduction effectuée par F.K. Szaniawski en 1808. Les emprunts faits par le traducteur même s’ils étaient mal vus et largement critiqués au début du XIXe siècle, sont finalement entrés dans la langue polonaise du droit, comme par exemple : hipoteka [hypothèque], pupil [pupille], inwentarz [inventaire], testator [testateur]. L’auteur compare aussi la composition des deux codes ainsi que l’appellation de chaque unité de rédaction.
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