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1

The Issue of Polygraph Tests in Poland

100%
Wazny A.
Internal Security
|
2011
|
vol. 3(1)
223-231
EN
The article presents the issue of polygraph tests in Poland. It discusses the law in Poland concerning the use of the polygraph, and concentrates on Polish legal situation described in articles 192a and 199a of Polish Penal Code. In view of the Polish Penal Code law, passed on the 6th of January 1997, the issue of the use of the polygraph is controversial, and the position of the doctrine – divided and fragmented. The judicature in this matter is failing to respond to the issues presented. However, the fundamental doubts about the legitimacy or legality of the use of ‘lie detector’ in Polish lawsuits were rejected. It happened after the introduction of the criminal procedural law, which makes it possible to conduct polygraph tests on the basis of the amendment of the 10th of January 2003. The author presents the view that the tests conducted by the polygraph and their results are ancillary, indirect and should not be treated as a substitute for independent evidence. The article compares Polish legal regulations to similar regulations existing in systems of many European countries, and is concluded with a summary presenting final thoughts on the issue, such as the necessity of the consent of the person undergoing polygraph tests.
2

Psycho-physiological Recorder — Seeking Inspiration from the Polygraph

100%
Zubańska M., Bonus-Dzięgo A.
Internal Security
|
2014
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vol. 6(2)
135-152
EN
The effectiveness of uniformed officers is determined by many factors, but special significance is attributed to cognitivecompetence. The requirement to develop cognitive functions is the solution to meeting the new challenges constantly posed bychanging situations. The Police Academy, Szczytno, has created the concept of a developmental project entitled The Developmentof an Interactive Psycho-stimulator Trainer for Police Officers to meet the need for the development of cognitive skills in uniformedofficers. The main objective of the project is to develop and implement an innovative diagnostic and training system forthe evaluation and stimulation of cognitive and psychomotor skills in police officers. An additional feature of the system will bea psycho-physiological module designed for training in coping with stress and an advanced system enabling quick and effectiveassessment of the performance of the mental functions of officers prior to commencing particularly difficult and dangerous duties.Self-awareness of tension and physiological changes caused by the performance of difficult tasks is a very important issue, whichis the basis for the evolution of the response in, for example, critical situations. At the commencement of work on the conceptof the module, priority was given to the functionality and mobility of the device. It was assumed that the user could connect simplesensors to the finger of the left or right hand and carry out game tasks requiring perception, attention, skills of analysis and decisionmaking.The system reads the psycho-physiological parameters of the user and at the end of the game or test reports the changesin the level of stress in the physiological sphere. After performing several tasks, the user will be able to assess the effects of theirtraining. The use of the recorder module will enable individuals to control the level of the measured variables, so that they gainknowledge about their reactions of which they are often unaware and which have a significant impact on the actions that they take.
3
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Significance of polygraph examinations in so called difficult situations in Polish investigative practice

100%
Herbowski P., Słapczyńska D.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
|
2015
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vol. 14(14)
68-76
EN
In recent years there has been concern connected with the practice of collecting classic forensic traces in crime scenes. apart from this there are some problems concerning their accessibility. The main factor which affects the possibility of disclosing evidence negatively is the decreasing quality of forensic activities. Moreover, poorly trained police officers do not usually know how to use tactically the information content of forensic evidence. During the preparatory proceedings problems connected with small value of detection of classic evidence appear. also the significance of aFis and genom databases decreases and obtaining reference material is becoming difficult. in such situations law enforcement authorities do not have to be helpless because, while committing a crime, memory traces of this events are formed in the mind of a perpetrator. they can be revealed objectively by polygraph examination aimed at excluding and confirming a person’s connection with the event. in many cases, however, there is no alternative for polygraph, which was presented in this article.
4
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Polygraph Examinations in the Department of Special Psychology of the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic – a Retrospective View

100%
Kormoš M.
European Polygraph
|
2017
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vol. 11
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issue 3(41)
121-127
5
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Idiosyncrasies in Chart Evaluation

100%
Shurany T., Gordon N. J.
European Polygraph
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2018
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vol. 12
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issue 2(44)
59-66
6
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Polygraph Examination of Pregnant Women: Dilemmas and Recommendations

100%
Gołaszewski M.
European Polygraph
|
2014
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
69-78
7
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Ustalenie odpowiedzialności w oparciu o dowód z ekspertyzy wariograficznej

88%
Krasoń R., Katedra Teorii i Filozofii Prawa W. P. i. A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
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2015
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vol. 74
EN
The study “Determination of liability based on evidence provided by a polygraph testing expert opinion” addresses a very serious and at the same time controversial problem of evidence (its value) provided by a polygraph testing expert opinion. The author familiarizes the reader with a general background of the issue, presenting a concept and importance of liability as well as the essence and nature of polygraph testing. The text contains a number of arguments both supporting and discrediting the diagnostic value of the polygraph testing and a number of doubts arising in connection with this subject.
8

The sources and meaning of the evolution of traditional and non-tradition detection methods in the work of investigating bodies

88%
Ojcewicz H.
Internal Security
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2011
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vol. 3(2)
131-146
EN
The evolution of understanding traditional and non-tradition detection methods in the work of investigating bodies is a natural process dependent on the historical development of the society at given moments of time – mostly corresponding to epochs. A constant growth of the society’s consciousness gradually eliminates the stereotypical views on the opposition of conventional and unconventional methods of acquiring information in a way that science sees as objective and in those based on using paranormal abilities of humans’ energetic spheres and bioinformation. A theory observed nowadays, namely one of combining science and religion, may lead to a reduction of the present dichotomy that differentiates between conventional and unconventional methods of acquiring information. Global developments in science and the acquisition of more and more experience in the paranormal sphere should bring the long awaited balance in estimating the utility in the process of acquiring information. Therefore, negating the new, unknown or unscientific methods should rather be turned into taking into consideration the real results that can be acquired by using different methods of getting to the objective truth. The main goal of science is seeking the truth and offering newer and newer methods and conceptions that show the variety of technological achievements and the individuality of the human brain, that can have more abilities than pure science alone, because the last one is restricted to the present times’ possibilities.
9
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Polygraph Tests - Benefits and Challenges

88%
Babu Rajan P.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
|
2019
|
issue 19
146-155
EN
This research describes the working, benefits and challengers of polygraph tests. Polygraph tests are lie-detecting devices that help ascertain individuals’ honesty based on physiological indicators. The heart rate/blood pressure, respiration, and skin responses are the three indicators measured in the test to assess honest/deceitful behavior. The underlying assumption behind the working of polygraph tests is that the autonomic responses of dishonest individuals are distinctively different from those of honest people because the liars will be more nervous than truth tellers. Control Question Test (CQT), Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) or Concealed Information Test (CIT) and Neuroscience-Based Advanced Polygraph Tests are the important types of polygraph tests used today. Polygraph tests are used to detect truthfulness of individuals in such important fields as crime investigation departments, national security agencies, and business and industry. However, accuracy of polygraph tests and ethical issues associated with the tests are highly debated.
10

Recent Developments in the Field of Psychological Support for the Activities of Security Forces

88%
Girko S.
Internal Security
|
2009
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vol. 1(1)
5-8
EN
This article features methodology of polygraph testing for people with poor or no knowledge of the Russian language.A new trend in the discussed research is the development of a psychological and forensic profiling of offenders designed to establish approximate features to focus on, which involves teamwork of such experts as: a scene of crime officer, psychologist, psychiatrist or forensic medicine expert.Another development is a unique procedure of reconstructing information retained in the memory of interrogated persons, which has been approved in different regions of Russia and which has proved to be highly effective in investigations of acts of terrorism, assassinations and other forms of crime. This procedure is a combination of the hypnotic reproduction method and a detailed initial interview depending on a situation and the tasks set. It is usually effective when there is a need to recall a car registration number or details of a document which a person has seen at least for a moment, to reconstruct certain events, together with content of conversations and to reconstruct memories of a person’s appearance.The procedure allows to overcome such complicated situations as amnesia of alcoholic and psycho-traumatic origin - which do not result from physical fading of memories, or consequences of unsuccessful hypnoreproduction attempts, which result in false convictions or ineffectiveness in case of memory activation methods.
11
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Terminology Reference for the Science of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception 4th Edition, 2022

88%
Krapohl D., Handler M., Lynch M.
European Polygraph
|
2023
|
vol. 17
|
issue 2(58)
11-149
EN
Since the first edition of this reference was published 25 years ago much has taken place in the polygraph field, progress which has continued in the decade since the last edition of the Terminology Reference. The transition from analog to digital polygraph is now complete, the polygraph profession has accomplished the shift from authority-based practices to those that are evidence-based, concepts and terms adopted by the polygraph field are substantially more mainstream, new credibility assessment technologies have appeared while others have disappeared, and much to the surprise of critics and detractors, predictions of the demise of the polygraph have proven to be premature. In this fourth edition of the Terminology Reference for the Science of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception we strived to capture these changes. We have updated the references, added new terms, removed others, and included images for some terms to help readers understand them better. We hope readers appreciate these updates. And finally, we sadly report the passing of our friend, colleague and contributor to previous editions of this work, Shirley Sturm in 2020. Shirley was one of the greats in the polygraph field. She was the first woman President of the American Polygraph Association, a teacher, a coveted mentor, and a fiercely independent thinker. We and the rest of the polygraph field will miss Shirley, her sense of humor, her passion for polygraph, her concern for her fellow practitioners, her commitment to the field. There was always only one Shirley Sturm and we were fortunate to have known her. Because of her lasting contribution to our shared field of endeavor we dedicate this edition of the Terminology Reference to Shirley Sturm.
12
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Case Studies Using the Polygraph to Assist in Assessing Sexual Risk in Three Clerics

88%
Wilcox D. T., Jack A., Donathy M. L., Berry R. M.
European Polygraph
|
2020
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vol. 14
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issue 2(52)
17-36
13
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Should Blind Evaluation of Polygraph Charts Be a Mandatory Procedure in Evidentiary Examinations?

88%
Gołaszewski M.
European Polygraph
|
2022
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1 (55)
17-30
EN
The article considers the advantages of blind interpretation of polygraph charts in the context of subjectivity in polygraph examinations. The purpose of this article is to provoke a discussion on the inclusion of blind scoring in evidentiary examinations as a standard procedure. Resorting to such a method should curb the impact of cognitive bias on interpreting test data as it has been proved empirically that information on the case facts and the examinee, provided to the examiner before the examination, may influence the subsequent interpretation of the charts.
14

Weryfikacja wersji zabójstwa w przypadkach zaginięcia człowieka

75%
Jaworski R.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2020
|
vol. 56
155-173
EN
In cases of human disappearance, sometimes facts appear indicating the possibility of causing his death and hiding the corpse. Such hypotheses are formulated not only by law enforcement authorities, but also by the local community, and the family is slandered in them, sometimes friends of the missing person. The study, based on examples from expert practice, showed the usefulness of the polygraph test to verify such personal versions, including the exclusion of wrongly suspected persons close to the missing person (father and mother). In the course of such a study, several research techniques can be used, which have been shown to increase the accuracy of the results and sometimes allow the killer to be exposed.
15
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Ocena zapisów testów porównań strefowych UTAH przy użyciu Empirycznego Systemu Oceny (ESS)

75%
Słapczyńska D.
Problemy Kryminalistyki
|
2013
|
issue 282
22-31
PL
Artykuł stanowi propozycję prezentowania wyników testów pytań porównawczych na podstawie Empirycznego Systemu Oceny oraz danych normatywnych, które pozwalają ustalić poziom wiarygodności danego rozstrzygnięcia. Tę prostą w zastosowaniu metodę oceny reakcji psychofizjologicznych zaprezentowano na zapisach z kryminalistycznych badań poligraficznych.
EN
The paper presents the way of presentation of Comparison Questions Test results using Empirical Scoring System and normative data that allow to determine the degree of reliability of the decision. This easy-to-use method for assessing psychophysiological reactions is presented on the basis of polygrams from a forensic examinations.
16

Wykorzystanie wariografu (poligrafu) w celu określenia strony podmiotowej sprawcy czynu zabronionego

75%
Hancewicz B.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2018
|
issue 21
337-347
PL
Artykuł 199a kodeksu postępowania karnego określa przesłanki wykorzystania badania wariograficznego na oskarżonym sensu largo. W referacie skupiono się na przedstawieniu możliwości wykorzystania badania wariograficznego, któremu podlega oskarżony, w celu określenia jego strony podmiotowej wobec popełnionego przez niego przedmiotowo pojmowanego zachowania się opisanego w przepisie określąjacym znamiona tego czynu. Określono warunki przystąpienia do wymienionego wyżej badania oraz jego ewentualne efekty w odniesieniu do strony podmiotowej badanego.
EN
Article 199a of polish Code of Criminal Procedure describes premises of utilization of polygraph examination of defendant sensu largo. This article focuses on presenting possibilities of utilization polygraph examination on defendant in order to qualify his subjective aspect towards committed action described in regulation which defines characteristics of the crime it consists. Terms of acceding to previously mentioned examination and its eventual effects in reference to subjective aspect of examined shall be defined.
17
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A Survey of the Views of Catholic Safeguarding Coordinators about the Inclusion of the Polygraph in Psychological Risk Assessments of Clerics

75%
Wilcox D. T., Berry R., Grove E.
European Polygraph
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2022
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vol. 16
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issue 1 (55)
31-43
EN
This paper reflects the views of Catholic safeguarding coordinators (SCs) with regard to the inclusion of the polygraph in forensic psychological risk assessments that they have commissioned. The contents are derived from feedback forms sought of these instructing parties, relating to fifteen priests referred for assessment by SCs from eight different Catholic dioceses in England. The SCs responded to a post-assessment survey including a range of questions concerning their perceptions of the utility of independent, secularly organised, forensic psychological risk assessments undertaken during the period from January 2019 to December 2021. Feedback was obtained in relation to twelve of the clerics, with two SCs having left their positions during the period and as such, not avail able to provide feedback, and one SC not responding to the feedback request. Replies were received from SCs representing seven of the twenty-two Catholic dioceses in England. The overall survey results reflected that a significant majority of respondents positively connoted the value of independent secularly organised forensic psychological risk assessments. However, their expressed views about the polygraph in this context were more varied, thus prompting the authors to produce this separate paper.
18
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A Polygraph-Assisted Psychological Assessment of Risk of Sexual Harm Posed by a Priest

75%
Wilcox D. T.
European Polygraph
|
2019
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vol. 13
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issue 2(48)
85-93
19
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Differences in the Quality of the Photoplethysmograph Polygram Signal in Subjects with and without Nail Polish

75%
Anastasova K.
European Polygraph
|
2018
|
vol. 12
|
issue 1(43)
7-17
EN
Qualitative indicators are an important element in establishing truth in polygraph examinations. Considering this, a study of the change in the quality of the signal from the photoplethysmograph in subjects who have used nail polish is extremely relevant and requires a comprehensive qualitative study. The paper uses general scientific and empirical methods of observation and experimentation, and is a comprehensive study of the effects of nail polish on the quality of the photoplethysmograph signal. It is the first time that this type of research has been conducted using a comparative analysis of subjects who did and did not use nail polish.
20
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Essentials of the Relevant Issue Gravity (RIG) Strength: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding the Comparison Question Test (CQT)

75%
Ginton A.
European Polygraph
|
2019
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vol. 13
|
issue 4(50)
181-201
EN
The essentials of the Relevant Issue Gravity (RIG) theoretical framework for explaining the Comparison Question Test (CQT) (Ginton, 2009), is presented here in a detailed outline format. It is based on the notion that examinees who lie on the test in the relevant questions are attached psychologically to the relevant issue in a different way than the truth-tellers. An essential difference is the strength by which the suspect’s attention is directed, focused, and bound to the relevant issue. These aspects of attention in the context of polygraph examinations are coined, Relevant Issue Gravity (RIG) Strength. Th e RIG strength is assumed to distribute differently between the liars and the truth-tellers. There is reason to believe that liars hold a stronger RIG compared to the truthful subjects, and eventually, that affects the differential reactivity to the relevant vs. comparison questions. The following describes the rationale behind the RIG concept, some supporting data, and the theoretical as well as practical implications.
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