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The article proposes that the origins of humanists’ errors are material (incomplete sources) and psychological (the imperfectness of the researcher’s mind, a disregard of responsibilities and of the state of research). Through examples of the editing of the works by Maria Konopnicka, the paper demonstrates how editors made mistakes, which have been duplicated in editions of her texts for over one hundred years. Using the works of Maria Bartusówna, Napoleon Ekielski and Florentyna Niewiarowska as an example, the article also highlights how incorrect bio-bibliographical information is unquestioningly carried forward into subsequent publications, and how it is popularised through the Internet. A mistake in attribution made once leads to irreversible results of erroneous interpretations of works. It also affects the appreciation of particular authors.
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This paper analyzes the semantic properties of two semantically related expressions błąd (‘mistake’) and pomyłka (‘error’). The presented hypotheses are of a preliminary nature and are limited to the recognition of the basic problems associated with the description of the analyzed expressions, followed by ordering arrangements and research differentiations. This article discusses the current state of research (E. Grodziński’s article (1980) and dictionary definitions) concerning the investigated topic, isolates linguistic units representing the analyzed notions, and examines the most significant problems related to the description of the meanings of the analyzed expressions. One of the most important issues is the question of relating the expressions błąd and pomyłka to the phenomena that occur in the system (mistake / error in spelling, calculation, etc.) and to life situations (mistakes made giving away one’s children to one’s sister, resigning from work, etc.). Deliberations presented here are treated as an introduction to a detailed semantic analysis of the described units.
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