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DE
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
Phonetically, the archetypal rhotic /r/ is a coronal speech sound that is often half-way between consonants and vowels, usually acting in words as a consonant syllable-wise. Its positional and structural functions in selected languages are described here from a diachronic perspective. 
FR
Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
RU
Том не содержит аннотаций на английском языке.
Linguistica Pragensia
|
2019
|
vol. 29
|
issue 2
147-159
EN
In the theory of FSP, context-independent adverbials are usually interpreted as constituting either the setting or specification, with the line between the two sometimes difficult to draw. Adverbials in -ly have been shown to be nearly always context-independent, functioning as a specification and generally being more dynamic than the verb. At the same time, the CD of these adverbials is thought to be higher when they are placed after the verb than when they precede it. The present research explores sentence structures such as she smiled coldly, where the adverbial is the only complement of the verb in addition to a non-rhematic subject. Examples of these structures retrieved from the BNC show that the SVA sequence is considerably more frequent than SAV (she coldly smiled), while the proportion of the two variants is more balanced when there are other postverbal complements in addition to the adverbial, as in she coldly analysed his features/she analysed his features coldly. This paper aims to show that among the SVA structures in question, there are instances where the verb is actually more dynamic than the context-independent adverbial, and where linear modification is weakened as an indicator of FSP. These conclusions seem to be supported, among other clues, by translation into Czech.
EN
The article is an attempt to produce an original insight into the functioning of the Polish milieus abroad. It presents an attempt at assessing the current position of the Polish diaspora; its organizational potential; cultural activities; the role of contemporary migration processess as well as the changing position of the Catholic Church. Because of the vast scope of the analytical field, the Author chooses to focus on selected aspects of the diaspora life – those that are, in his opinion, the most important nowadays.
EN
This article presents the most important aspects related to the efficiency of task-oriented future officers-commanders, who must be professionally prepared to take their first official position – the platoon commander. This is an important aspect because only high-class commanders are able to prepare their soldiers and subunits – in accordance with their military use both in time of peace and in the conditions of its threat (crisis or war). This article is an attempt to indicate the above-mentioned but very important problems regarding the competence of the officers-commanders.
EN
A coup d’etat is defined as “a sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force.” As one looks through all the coup d’etats that have occurred throughout the history in various parts of the world, one can observe that often the protagonists of such events are political enemies, military leaders, or distressed insiders. Indeed, one is hard pressed to find where a coup d’etat has been executed by way of a poor legal reasoning of a Constitutional Court. Well, that is until now! In the newest country in Europe, the Republic of Kosovo, major international and domestic investments are being made on institution building. One of the beneficiaries of such investments has been the newly formed Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo. Soon after its establishment, this young court faced its first tough decision, namely a challenge to the President of the country regarding his alleged serious violation of the Constitution by holding posts as President of the country and Chairman of his party. In a highly controversial case, marred with procedural irregularities, judicial misconduct, lack of due process, human rights violations, regular media leaks, and behind-the-scenes international and domestic political influences on the Court, a split Court decided that the President had seriously violated the Constitution. This decision led to the President’s resignation, which caused a political imbalance that still lingers, further harming Kosovo’s long term interests and prospects. But more importantly, some argue that this marks the first case where a coup d’etat that took down a President was executed by a Constitutional Court. This paper argues that the Court should have dismissed the claim of the MPs as inadmissible on procedural grounds, specifically that it was filed by the MPs after the time permitted by law and that the MPs never maintained the number of 30 members that were needed for the group to be an authorized party. Additionally, even on the merits, the Court failed to distinguish between the constitutional requirement to not exercise a party function, which the President in this case did not do, but rather simply held the position in a suspended mode. Moreover, even had the President’s holding of the position amounted to a violation of the Constitution, in no way did that equate to a serious constitutional violation. Still, the Court held contrary to the Constitution, applicable laws, and the available evidence before it and found that the President had seriously violated the Constitution.
EN
When observers are asked to localize the peripheral position of a small probe with respect to the mid-position of a spatially extended comparison stimulus, they tend to judge the probe as being more peripheral than the mid-position of the comparison stimulus. This relative mislocalization seems to emerge from differences in absolute localization, that is the comparison stimulus is localized more towards the fovea than the probe. The present study compared saccadic behaviour and relative localization judgements in three experiments and determined the quantitative relationship between both measures. The results showed corresponding effects in localization errors and saccadic behaviour. Moreover, it was possible to estimate the amount of the relative mislocalization by means of the saccadic amplitude.
EN
Ilarion (Ivan Ohienko) published in his Canadian periodical Faith and Culture (1953–1967) as well as his reviews of new books in literature studies and fiction published in continental Ukraine. Bishop Ilarion’s literary reviews and assessments can be divided into two groups: 1) assessments and commentaries of works on new Ukrainian literature studies (‘pre-October’) and 2) new (‘Soviet’). The first group includes critical reviews of scientific research works of M.D. Bernstein, M.N. Komyshachenko whose methodological foundations (Marxist-Leninist) he couldn’t accept. Many materials on the pages of Faith and Culture are dedicated to individual figures of Ukrainian literary process of the new period. Among them is his linguistic and literary research work Marko Vovchok’s language, commentaries to I. Franko’s articles which appeared in continental Ukraine to mark his centennial (1956), articles about А. Chaikovskiy, materials about Nataleta Koroleva, B-I. Antonych etc. Bishop Ilarion paid less attention to works of Ukrainian literarure scholars dedicated to works by Soviet writers. He didn’t like their Communist ideological bias. This was reflected in his assessment of works by M. Syrotiuk Ukrainian historical prose (1958), collection of papers Soviet literature studies. N1 (1959) etc. Ivan Ohienko also paid attention to works of fiction in Ukraine. He considers such works as Атестат зрілості by V. Kozachenko, Світанок над морем by J. Smolych, Данило Галицький by A. Hyzhniak to be the model of communist ideology. Different tonality and style characterize Bishop Ilarion’s literal and critical reviews of works by Ukrainian diaspora representatives. The reviews do not contain any ironical implicatures, direct criticism, ideological non-acceptance. Among highly praised works are those by P. Zajtzev Життя Тараса Шевченка (1955), J. Slavutych Іван Франко і Росія (1959) etc. Ohienko as a critic also pays attention to works by famous diaspora writers D. Humenna, I. Bahriannuj, U. Samchuk, H. Zhurba etc. Bishop Ilarion (Ivan Ohienko), who was limited within his scientific research and was denied a professor’s position, succeeded in combining his religious ministration and science. As a student and representative of historical and philological school of V. Peretz and the author of numerous philological studies, I. Ohienko symbolized the objective, free of political bias, ethical and profound criticism.
EN
Background. Nowadays, if you want to achieve sustained levels of success in sport, one has to develop excellent playing skills. One of the most important things during a volleyball game is to surprise your opponent. Surprise effect can be achieved by the effective organization in attack which is managed by the setter. The aim of the study is to show an innovative identification method of cooperation abilities during attack phase, determined by the setter’s position on the volleyball court. This study also shows what kind of tendencies may occur after playing in different positions on the court. Material and methods. The research material included players from Plus Liga team – PGE Skra Belchatow, especially focused on the setter – Nicolas Uriarte. An observation method was used. Results. Organization in attack and cooperation abilities, including their efficiency, depend on the setter’s position. Conclusions. This research has shown that cooperation abilities during attack phase are related to the setter’s position and could vary in other teams.
EN
Perspective. The popularity of online media aimed at active and passive enthusiasts of various martial arts results from the content offered to consumers. Problem. The aim of this article is to investigate questions concerning the thematic model of the e-magazine addressed to people interested in selected martial arts as popularized by mass media in the light of STP (Segment-Target- Position) strategy. Method and Results. Qualitative content analysis reveals no significant differences in the use of STP strategies in the selection of content and forms of expression among 20 e-magazines : in Polish and in English from Great Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands and) Poland published between 1999 and 2017) surveyed herein. Also absent was any in-depth thematic positioning due to the attributes and origins of individual combat sports.Conclusions. This analysis further documents the lack of many thematic categories, relevant in terms of STP theory, such as ‘expert opinions’ and ‘verification of the knowledge and skills of publication characters’ relevant from the point of view of quality in sports.
PL
Tło. Popularność mediów internetowych skierowanych do aktywnych i biernych entuzjastów sportów walki wynika z treści oferowanych konsumentom. Problem. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie zagadnienia modelu tematycznego e-magazynu skierowanego do osób zainteresowanych wybranymi sportami walki popularyzowanego przez środki masowego przekazu w świetle strategii STP (Segmentacja-Targetowanie-Pozycjonowanie). Metoda i wyniki. Jakościowa analiza nie wykazuje istotnych różnic w stosowaniu strategii STP w doborze treści i form wypowiedzi wśród badanych dwudziestu e-czasopism (polsko- i angielskojęzycznych z Wielkiej Brytanii, Irlandii, Holandii i Polski z lat 1999-2017). Nie było też pogłębionego pozycjonowania tematycznego ze względu na atrybuty i pochodzenie poszczególnych sportów walki. Konkluzje. Analiza ta dodatkowo dokumentuje brak wielu kategorii tematycznych. istotnych dla teorii STP. takich jak „opinie ekspertów” oraz „weryfikacja wiedzy i umiejętności bohaterów publikacji” ważnych z punktu widzenia teorii jakości w sporcie.
EN
The main statute governing competition in Kazakhstan is the Entrepreneurial Code, first adopted in October 2015. Section 4 of the Code in particular is aimed at the protection of competition in Kazakhstan. It primarily deals with anti-competitive agreements and conduct, provides for a control system over economic concentrations, and regulates anti-monopoly investigations. The anti-monopoly provisions of the Code are enforced by the Committee on the Regulation of Natural Monopolies and Protection of Competition within the Ministry of the National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its regional departments located in each Kazakhstani region and its two main cities (Almaty and Astana). The Committee has a broad range of powers and duties ranging from investigating anti-competitive conduct and imposing administrative sanctions to regulating natural monopolies. The Code generally prohibits horizontal and vertical agreements and concerted actions that lead (or can lead) to restriction of competition, albeit it also provides certain exemptions. The Code includes an exhaustive list of conduct which is prohibited for dominant entities. The Anti-monopoly Committee exercises control over economic concentrations by overseeing mergers, consolidations, acquisitions and certain other transactions.
FR
La loi principale régissant la concurrence au Kazakhstan est le Code de l'entreprise, adoptée en octobre 2015. Notamment la section 4 du Code de l'entreprise vise à protéger la concurrence au Kazakhstan. Elle stipule des dispositions concernant des ententes anticoncurrentiels et des pratiques concertées, elle prévoit un système de contrôle des concentrations et réglemente des enquêtes concernant les violations du droit de la concurrence. Les dispositions du Code de l'entreprise concernant la concurrence sont appliquées par le Comité sur la réglementation des monopoles et la protection de la concurrence, au sein du Ministère de l'économie nationale de la République du Kazakhstan et dans ses départements régionaux situés dans chaque région du Kazakhstan et dans ses deux principales villes (Almaty et Astana). Le Comité possède de multiples prérogatives et de fonctions allant de l'examen de comportement anticoncurrentielle et l'imposition de sanctions administratives à la réglementation des monopoles naturels. Le Code interdit généralement les accords horizontaux et verticaux ou les actions concertées qui conduisent (ou peuvent conduire) à la restriction de la concurrence, mais il prévoit aussi certaines exemptions. Le Code contient une liste exhaustive de comportements interdits aux entités dominantes. Le contrôle de concentrations est exercé par le Comité anti monopole et il s'agit de contrôle des fusions, des regroupements, des acquisitions et des certaines autres transactions.
EN
The paper deals with intensifying (expletive) insertion reminiscent of infixation (debatable in English). The inserted intensifiers placed inside the base are (unlike infixes) free morphemes producing what have been called “un-bloody-likely” words which contravene the presumably universally valid uninterruptibility criterion defining the word. The paper, drawing on literature, web search and the analysis of a sample of attested intensified words (Vojtěch 2019), describes the properties of the base and the intensifier (expletive) and the principles governing the placement of the intensifier.
13
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PL
W artykule analizowane są wydarzenia, które miały miejsce w Grodnie w latach I wojny światowej. Dokonuje się określenia i opisania okresów uczestnictwa Grodzieńskiego Garnizonu w działaniach wojennych w latach 1914–1915, charakteryzuje się tryb niemieckiej okupacji od września 1915 do kwietnia 1919 r. Zwraca się szczególną uwagę na fakt, że grodzieńska twierdza, pomimo niekompletności budowy fortyfikacji, była dla Rosyjskiej Armii ważną bazą operacyjną, miejscem formacji i szkolenia oddziałów biorących następnie udział w walkach na froncie. Twierdza była także punktem logistycznym wojsk, ale w szczególności miała duże znaczenie moralne dla wojska i lokalnej ludności. Pod koniec 1918 r. i na początku 1919 r., w wyniku działalności polityczno-wojskowej przedstawicieli ruchów narodowych, Grodno zostało przekazane przez dowództwo niemieckie odrodzonemu Państwu Polskiemu.
EN
The article examines the events that took place in Grodno during the World War I. It establishes and describes the periods of the Grodno garrison's participation in the military operations of 1914–1915. It elaborates on the regime of German occupation from September 1915 until April 1919. It is emphasized that the Grodno Fortress, despite the incompleteness of its fortification construction, was an important operational base for the Russian army. It served as the place of formation and training for military units that later fought in the warfare at the front. While it was used as the point of material and technical support for troops, it served as a strong moral beacon for the army and the local population. In the late 1918 and early 1919, as a result of political and military activity of national movements’ representatives, Grodno was transferred to the revived Polish State by the German command.
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