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EN
The public policy clause is inherently related to arbitration. The opinion was expressed that arbitration, and thus a public policy clause, is as old as humanity and much older than state courts. This institution already exists in ancient legal languages. The beginning of scientific reflection on the public policy clause is related with the beginnings of private international law. It should be noted that there is currently no consensus on the concept and content of the public policy clause in commercial arbitration. The lack of a uniform understanding of this institution exists not only in Poland but also in general. A historical interpretation will prove to be very useful to determine the concept and content of this institution, because without the understanding of the roots of this institution’s functions there is not possibility to understand its current functions in the commercial arbitration.
PL
Klauzula porządku publicznego jest nierozerwalnie związana z sądownictwem arbitrażowym. Wyrażono pogląd, że sądownictwo polubowne, a tym samym klauzula porządku publicznego, jest tak stare jak historia ludzkości oraz znacznie starsze od sądownictwa powszechnego. Zarówno sądownictwo arbitrażowe, jak i instytucja klauzuli porządku publicznego były już znane w starożytnych systemach prawnych. Początek naukowej refleksji nad klauzulą porządku publicznego związany jest z początkami międzynarodowego prawa prywatnego. Należy zauważyć, że również obecnie nie ma konsensu odnośnie do pojęcia i treści klauzuli porządku publicznego w arbitrażu handlowym. Brak jednolitego rozumienia tej instytucji prawnej występuje nie tylko na gruncie polskim, ale i międzynarodowym. Wykładnia historyczna okaże się bardzo przydatna dla ustalenia pojęcia oraz treści tej instytucji prawnej, gdyż bez zrozumienia korzeni tej instytucji prawnej nie da się określić jej obecnego kształtu i funkcji w arbitrażu handlowym.
EN
Both under Polish law and foreign legal systems there are doubts as to the arbitrability of intellectual property disputes. In this article I have attempted to determine the arbitrability of these disputes under Polish law. I have used the following methods: historical, dogmatic and comparative. Polish solutions in the subject of the article were compared with German and American ones, which allowed not only to characterize arbitration in the Polish legal system, but also to postulate de lege ferenda.
PL
Zarówno, na gruncie prawa polskiego, jak i zagranicznych systemów prawnych występują wątpliwości odnośnie do zdatności arbitrażowej sporów z zakresu własności intelektualnej. W niniejszym artykule podjąłem próbę określenia zdatności arbitrażowej tych sporów na gruncie prawa polskiego. W tym celu posłużyłem się następującymi metodami: historyczną, dogmatyczną oraz prawnoporównawczą. Polskie rozwiązania w zakresie tematu artykułu zostały porównane z niemieckimi oraz amerykańskimi, co umożliwiło nie tylko charakterystykę zdatności arbitrażowej w polskim systemie prawnym, ale również postawienie postulatu de lege ferenda.
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Wyłączenie biegłego w postępowaniu arbitrażowym

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EN
The legislator has not provided any specific regulations stipulating the legal basis of a disqualification of an expert witness in an arbitration procedure in the Polish Civil Procedure Code. As a result, it is clear whether it is possible and, if so, under what conditions it could take place. The proceedings before the arbitration court are entirely distinct from litigation, and, therefore, there are different rules concerning the evidentiary procedure, especially obtaining an expert opinion. During the arbitration procedure, as opposed to litigation, there are two modes of obtaining said evidence. As a general rule, there is a possibility of appointing an expert witness by the arbitration court; however, it is more common for the parties to appoint an arbitration expert witness. This justifies the different approach to the matter of disqualification of an expert witness — on the basis of the source of their appointment. Regarding the event of appointing an expert witness by the arbitration court, it is important to note that pursuant to the provision of Article 1184 § 2 sentence 2 of the Civil Procedure Code, the arbitration court is not bound by the provisions regulating the litigation. Therefore, in the arbitration procedure on the grounds of the rule stipulated by the provision of Article 13 § 2 of the Civil Procedure Code there is no legal basis to apply the provisions of Article 281 of the Civil Procedure Code regarding the disqualification of an expert witness. However, it appears that in the analyzed matter it is possible to resort to the IBA Guidelines on conflict of interests in international commercial arbitration. The expert witness appointed by the party shall be attributed the status of a witness with special knowledge expert witness. With this approach there is no need to resort to disqualification of an expert witness — the evidence in question shall be evaluated based on rules on witness testimony.
EN
Commercial disputes are instances of crisis situations which may arise between collaborating companies. They are solved by ordinary courts (courts of general jurisdiction) in judicial proceedings (usually by a commercial law division) or through alternative methods, such as arbitration, mediation and settlement proceedings. Selecting between judicial proceedings and alternative resolution methods is an element of the crisis management in commercial disputes, taking into consideration the criteria implied by conditions of legal and economic char-acter, as well as those relating to reputational strategies of commercial operators in a dispute
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