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PL
The Adversarial Principle in Non-litigious Proceedings: a Contribution to the Discussion Summary The adversarial principle has been applicable in Polish non-litigious proceedings since 1964, when the provisions for litigious and non-litigious proceedings in Polish civil law were integrated in one civil code, and later when its procedural law was fundamentally revised and amended. Prior to this change, the applicable provisions were defined in the 1945 Code for non-litigious proceedings, which did not admit the adversary system, viz. the principle that the parties to proceedings collect evidence and produce witnesses, while the court merely assists and supervises. There are only two situations in which under current Polish civil law the inquisitorial system may supersede the adversary ststem. The two exceptions are: 1) when ex officio proceedings may be initiated on the grounds of a legislative act; and 2) when it is in the public interest to initiate an ex officio inquiry.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie dotyczy niezwykle ważnej problematyki związanej z przymiotami stron procesowych i uczestników postępowania nieprocesowego. Przymioty stron i uczestników są niezbędnymi elementami do udziału w postępowaniu sądowym. Dotyczy to zarówno podejmowania czynności procesowych, jak i występowania w określonych rolach procesowych.
EN
This paper concerns the extremely important problems related to the attributes of litigants and of participants in non-contentious proceedings. The attributes of litigants and participants are necessary elements to take part in legal proceedings. This concerns both the procedural steps as well as the appearance in defined roles in the proceedings.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki związanej z zagadnieniem postępowania nieprocesowego, a dokładniej, z sądową ochroną prawdziwości informacji przedstawianych w trakcie kampanii referendalnej. Autorka, przedstawiając obecną linię orzeczniczą w tym zakresie, zajmuje stanowisko krytyczne. Naświetla niedoskonałości rozwiązań ustawowych, wykazując ich bezpośrednie przełożenie na nierówność pozycji uczestników w trakcie postępowania z art. 35 ustawy o referendum lokalnym.
EN
The aim of the article is an attempt to show issues connected to non-litigious proceedings, precisely, related to judicial protection of accuracy of information provided during referendum campaigns. The author - while presenting the standpoint of existing jurisprudence - expresses a critical opinion on the tendency of rulings in such cases. The imperfections of statutory solutions are exposed by presenting their direct influence on the unequal status of participants to the proceedings under art. 35 of the Local Referendum Act.
EN
This article is about issues of application which initiate proceedings on the subject of consent of the guardianship court of draw marrow or haematopoietic cells peripheral blood from juvenile. First of all the author described general remarks about proceedings on the subject of draw marrow or haematopoietic cells peripheral blood from juvenile. Afterwards the author described formal requirements of application with reference to formal requirements of procedural document in general and formal requirements of summons. Further considerations affect return and withdraw of application.
PL
W artykule została omówiona problematyka wniosku wszczynającego postępowanie w przedmiocie wyrażenia zgody przez sąd opiekuńczy na pobranie szpiku lub komórek krwiotwórczych krwi obwodowej od małoletniego. W pierwszej kolejności zostały przedstawione uwagi ogólne dotyczące postępowania w przedmiocie pobrania od małoletniego szpiku lub komórek krwi. Następnie przybliżono zagadnienia dotyczące warunków formalnych tego wniosku w odniesieniu do warunków formalnych pism procesowych w ogólności oraz warunków formalnych pozwu. Dalsze rozważania dotyczą zwrotu wniosku oraz jego cofnięcia.
PL
As a result of a thorough analysis of the title issue, the author comes to the conclusion that the Regional Court, cognizing a complaint against a notary’s refusal to carry out a notarial deed contrary to law, does not resolve the legal dispute between the notary and the participant(s) of the requested notarial deed. The notary is not a participant of such a deed, but the refusal to carry it out is a sui generis decision of the notary as to the compliance of this deed with law. For this reason, the proceedings in this matter may be recognized an equivalent of judicial proceedings in a first instance case. However, the notary’s refusal to carry out the deed whose parties intend to give it a notarial form and which the notary recognized contrary to law shall be qualified as a matter as understood by Art. 45 subpara. 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Final and binding judgement of the Regional Court as the second instance court on the merit constitutes an act of justice although the court does not resolve the legal dispute, but resolves the exercise of constitutional freedom or human and citizen rights in these matters.
PL
The article presents the problems of the arrangement of the part of general non-contentious proceedings (art. 506–525 of the Code of Civil Procedure of 1964 ‒ abbreviation: „c.c.p.”). The scope of this issue includes three issues: the structure (internal division) of this part; the nature of the provisions of this part and their order. Previously, in the Code of Non-Contentious Procedure of 1945, the general part of this procedure had an internal division and contained only general provisions. De lege lata, in the Code of Civil Procedure of 1964, the general part of this procedure has no internal division and also contains provisions that are not general norms. These provisions should be transferred to the part of detailed non-contentious proceedings (art. 526 et seq. of the Code of Civil Procedure).
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