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EN
This paper reviews the possibilities of analysis of linguistic variation in Czech. First, we focused on dialectology and variationist sociolinguistics as two disciplines which look at language variation from the perspective of language production. We argue that traditional dialectology is oriented towards the in-breadth description of language variation and it offers a convenient method to register differential features, especially lexical items and items which are in decline. On the other hand, variationist sociolinguistics aims for an in-depth analysis. It is concerned primarily with the phonological and grammatical variation and tries to explain it on the basis of its relation to the social stratification in the given society (community). Perceptual dialectology and the research on language attitudes analyze language variation from the perspective of both language perception and its evaluation. They are based on the idea that our linguistic behaviour is co-determined by our subjective perception of the language use. We argue that for a better understanding of the Czech linguistic situation, we need to utilize findings from all of these disciplines.
EN
In recent years the subject of feminine forms of surnames has become a topic of a heated debate in Czech and Slovenian society, taking control of public as well as language experts’ attention. While in Czech the option for women to choose the “masculine form” of surname is still relatively new and it is possible to have the surname without suffix -ov(á) registered only in specific, well-defined cases; in Slovenian the form of surname (in conjunction with the first name) without -ov(a) has been regarded as a fundamental and formal language principle. However, even in Slovenian the use of the generic masculine forms is called into question in specific occurrences. This paper focuses on different sorts of divergences in approaches to feminine forms of surnames in the Czech and Slovenian language system. They will be examined both in the statements of linguists (including the state of codification) and in the lay-persons attitudes (including feminist approach to language). As a valuable source for lay-persons attitudes are being used the databases of inquiries of the Czech and Slovenian language counselling services. Comparing the situation in related languages shows probable trends in feminine forms of Czech and Slovenian surnames. Being in close contact with language users is crucial for the detection and accurate description of any linguistic phenomenon in usage and its explanation in language handbooks. Therefore, this paper also highlights the importance of language counselling services.
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