Search results - CEJSH

1

Aktywność obywatelska jako narzędzie walki z ubóstwem: rola, znaczenie, modele aplikacyjne

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Tomczyk J.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2016

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issue 1(20)

363-373

EN

The article concerns the role of active citizenship in the process of poverty eradication. In democratic states civic activity plays an important role in the social development and modernization, because it enables effective prevention of social problems. Models of civic activity can be regarded as models of prevention against poverty.

2

Ubóstwo w krajach Unii Europejskiej

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Panek T., Zwierzchowski J.

Ekonomista

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2016

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issue 2

180-199

PL

W 2010 r. Rada Europy ustaliła 5 głównych celów strategii „Europa 2020”. Jeden z nich dotyczył promocji integracji społecznej, szczególnie poprzez redukcję ubóstwa. Autorzy artykułu proponują metodę pomiaru ubóstwa pozwalającą na identyfi kację tych krajów UE, które mają największą liczbę ubogich i do których powinny trafi ć największe środki pomocowe w celu osiągnięcia przyjętego w strategii „Europa 2020” celu zmniejszenia liczby najuboższych mieszkańców UE o 20 mln. Proponowana metoda uwzględnia zarówno wskaźniki pieniężne, jak i niepieniężne ukazujące deprywację materialną gospodarstw domowych ludzi najuboższych. Stosując tę metodę, autorzy obliczyli liczbę ludzi biednych i zakres ubóstwa w poszczególnych krajach UE oraz oszacowali koszty fi nansowe zakładanej redukcji ubóstwa.

EN

In 2010, the European Council determined 5 major aims of the strategy ‘Europe 2020’. One of those aims concerned the promotion of social integration, notably by reducing the extent of poverty. The authors of the paper propose a method of measuring the poverty which could help to identify the EU countries having the biggest numbers of the poor and which should receive the biggest fi nancial support needed in order to reduce the total number of the poor in the European Union by 20 million, as assumed in the strategy ‘Europe 2020’. The proposed method takes into consideration both monetary and non-monetary indicators showing material deprivation of the poorest households. Using this method, the authors have estimated the numbers of the poor and the scope of poverty in the individual EU countries and calculated the fi nancial costs of the assumed reduction of the poverty.

RU

В 2010 г. Совет Европы определил 5 главных целей стратегии „Европа 2020”. Одна из них касалась продвижения и поддержки социальной интеграции, прежде всего путем сокращения размеров бедности. Авторы статьи предлагают метод замера бедности, по- зволяющий определить те страны ЕС, в которых количество бедных наиболее велико. Именно туда, выполняя задачу стратегии по сокращению количества бедных на 20 млн. чел., должны быть направлены основные средства помощи. Предлагаемый метод учи- тывает как денежные, так и неденежные показатели, указывающие на материальную депривацию домашних хозяйств самых бедных слоев населения. Авторы с помощью этого метода произвели расчеты количества бедных и структуру бедности в отдельных странах ЕС, а также оценили финансовые затраты по сокращению бедности.

3

Different faces of poverty.

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Malinowski L.

Praca Socjalna

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2019

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vol. 34(2)

111-120

EN

Different faces of poverty. Review of the book by S. Golinowska, On Polish Poverty in 1990–2015. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa 2018

4

Does experiencing poverty and lower economic status make us less pro-ecological?

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Hełka A., Amin M., Fober A., Jonak J., Krzemińska S., Neska K.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2015

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vol. 46

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issue 1

26-33

EN

The main aim of this study was to examine whether the economic status (current and in childhood) determined pro-ecological attitudes and behaviour. The survey involved 207 adults with different economic status. Both economic status in childhood and the present were taken into consideration. Analysis of the results indicated that people raised in families with low and medium material status have not only more eco-friendly attitudes but also have a greater tendency towards various ‘green’ behaviours. The differences among people with different current material status concerning their eco-friendly attitudes and behaviours are not so obvious. The most wealthy seem to have a less pro-ecological attitude, but on the other hand they are ready to put more money towards ecologically-friendly household expenses.

5

Brand Clans: Consumption and Rituals Among Low-income Young People in the City of Porto Alegre

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Pinheiro-Machado R., Scalco L. M.

International Review of Social Research

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 1

107-126

EN

This article aims to analyze the Brazilian phenomenon of ‘brand clans’ or ‘brand communities’, which means a group of young people who spend all their money buying branded clothes. The research is based on an ethnography carried out about the youngsters, mostly male, from Morro da Cruz – the largest lower class community in Porto Alegre, Brazil. On the one hand, we discuss the tension between poverty and brand consumption and on the other hand, we aim to make an inventory of subjectivities, emotions, logic and meaning of these young people coming from lower class who make great sacrifices in order to become ‘fashionable’ and thus feel socially included. The article is divided into five sections. In the first three, we discuss more theoretical topics, such as consumption, class, youth, totems and rituals. In the last two, we enter more thoroughly in the empirical universe, showing the results obtained through an ethnographic study. We argue that brands play a vital role in the life of the informants. Brands are not only a source of prestige, but also of vitality, power, and citizenship.

6

Ubóstwo emerytów w Polsce

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Kalinowski S.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2014

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issue 1(1)

29-41

EN

Selected elements of research on factors affecting the level and quality of life of older people in Poland in comparison to other socio-economic groups are presented in the paper. The attention was focused on the level and diversification of pensioners’ household incomes. The author also referred to the structure and amount of expenditures on consumer goods. Greater flattening of incomes in the investigated group, which results, among others, from the roles taken by today’s seniors, was mentioned as well. The issue of poverty risk and the problem of subjective feeling of poverty were also discussed. It was noticed that the feeling concerning economic situation constituted the most important and the most democratic method of determination of the poor fraction. Therefore, the author referred to diverse questions, which aimed at the determination of the amount of people threatened by poverty and actually living in poverty. The questions that concerned the assessment of seniors’ own economic situation and satisfaction of needs as well as the ones which allowed to confront this situation with living conditions of other persons and social groups, were included in the survey. On this basis, it was noticed that the seniors’ assessments were less unambiguous and put them in position of people having average situation. Those questions were used to answer the problem and aim of research, namely if the seniors in Poland in fact lived on low level, both in objective and subjective dimension and, what influenced their poverty. On this basis, it was noticed that the situation of the investigated group was relatively better than the other professionally active groups. Paradoxes of income situation of pensioners’ households in Poland, which often are a source of livelihood or the situation improvement of entire families, particularly in agriculture and in rural areas, and not as they are commonly believed to be beneficiaries of the assistance only, were indicated. It was noticed that a favorable situation of seniors referred to persons who did not have health problems and did not need care. The unpublished data of the Central Statistical Office concerning budgets of households, which the author received in frames of the research project No UMO-2011/01/B/HS5/01034, financed by the National Science Centre, “Level of life of people with uncertain incomes in Poland” were used in the paper and constitute part of the project.

7

Locus of control and culture of poverty. An appraisal of Lawrence M. Mead’s ideas in ‘Culture and Poverty’

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Oppong S.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 25

226-234

EN

Lawrence M. Mead presented an interesting argument as to why poverty exists in the United States. He problematizes the culture of the poor of which ethnic minorities over-represent. By referring to the geographic regions from which these ethnic minorities came from, he globalised the question of poverty in the US. This invites a global policy debate rather than a US-centric policy debate. Indeed, Mead so freely made references to Africa and the African culture severally throughout his commentary. It is against this backdrop that I show that Mead was right to a large extent on the question of inner-driven individualised orientation. However, he overestimates its influence and misreads what culture is. He presented the culture of poverty as the antecedent of poverty. It was concluded that manipulating both internal drive (internal locus of control) and the structure of society is a more effective way to tackle poverty.

8

Negative affect and life satisfaction in the context of subjective poverty, objective poverty and selected sociodemographic variables

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Babjáková J.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2019

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vol. 63

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issue Supplement_1

15-26

EN

Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify the differences in negative affect and life satisfaction in the context of subjective poverty, objective poverty, marital status, economic activity and gender. In particular, the significance of poverty variables. Participants and settings. The research sample consisted of 499 Slovak respondents (249 women; 250 men, average age M = 39.60, SD = = 11.47). Data were collected using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Negative Affect Scale from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The subjective assessment of poverty was measured by the question “In your economic situation, is it possible to make ends meet?” and objective poverty by “What is your monthly income after taxes?” Hypotheses. It was hypothesized the main effects of objective poverty and subjective poverty on negative affect and life satisfaction and interaction effects of objective poverty and subjective poverty with other selected independent variables (marital status, economic activity, gender) on negative affect and life satisfaction. Statistical analysis. MANOVA was used for the statistical analysis. Results. The results confirm the main effect of subjective poverty in life satisfaction and negative affect. In terms of life satisfaction, interactions between gender and objective poverty, gender and subjective poverty as well as between gender, marital status and economic activity were found. With regards to negative affect, the study found interactions between gender and objective poverty as well as between objective poverty and subjective poverty. Study limitations. The limitation of this study is the failure to include certain variables into the analysis such as the size of residence by population, regions according to the unemployment rate or gender roles.

SK

Cieľ. Cieľom príspevku je identifikovať rozdiely v prežívaní negatívneho afektu a životnej spokojnosti v kontexte subjektívnej chudoby, objektívnej chudoby, manželského stavu, ekonomickej aktivity a rodu. Bola sledovaná najmä významnosť premenných chudoby. Výskumný súbor a nástroje. Výskumný súbor pozostával zo 499 slovenských respondentov (249 žien; 250 mužov, priemerný vek M = 39.60, SD = 11.47). Testovú batériu tvorila Škála spokojnosti so životom a Škála negatívneho afektu z Dotazníka pozitívneho a negatívneho afektu (PANAS). Subjektívne hodnotenie chudoby bolo merané otázkou: „Dá sa vo Vašej ekonomickej situácii vystačiť s tým, čo máte?“ a objektívna chudoba pomocou otázky: „Aký je Váš čistý mesačný príjem (myslí sa príjem po zdanení)?“ Hypotézy. Boli predpokladané hlavné efekty objektívnej chudoby a subjektívnej chudoby na prežívanie negatívneho afektu a životnej spokojnosti a interakčné efekty objektívnej chudoby a subjektívnej chudoby s inými vybranými nezávislými premennými (manželský stav, ekonomická aktivita, rod) na prežívanie negatívneho afektu a životnej spokojnosti. Štatistická analýza. Na štatistickú analýzu bola použitá MANOVA. Výsledky. Výsledky potvrdili hlavný efekt subjektívnej chudoby pri životnej spokojnosti a negatívnom afekte. Z hľadiska životnej spokojnosti bola zistená interakcia rodu a objektívnej chudoby, rodu a subjektívnej chudoby a tiež rodu, manželského stavu a ekonomickej aktivity. V rámci negatívneho afektu boli v štúdii zistené interakcie rodu a objektívnej chudoby, ako aj objektívnej chudoby a subjektívnej chudoby. Obmedzenia štúdie. Obmedzením štúdie je nezahrnutie niektorých premenných do analýzy, ako veľkosť bydliska podľa počtu obyvateľov, kraje podľa miery nezamestnanosti či rodové roly.

9

Ubóstwo rodzin w Polsce wyzwaniem dla Kościoła

100%

Przygoda W.

Studia Pastoralne

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2015

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vol. 11

107-121

EN

Economic and social conditions of families are diverse. There are a lot of families of upper and middle class in Poland. According to the report of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) of 2014 entitled: The living conditions of families in Poland there are families in Poland which suffer poverty and are not able to secure even basic needs of their members. It particularly regards children. These families, regardless the causes of their poverty, represent a main challenge for the social services, but also for the Church. Besides material, mental and social needs the Church seeks also to meet spiritual needs of the members of these families. The problem of this study can be summarized in the question: how serious is the problem of poverty among families in Poland and how the Church can support them in the process of overcoming poverty and its consequences? In addition some proposals will be presented regarding ecclesiastical development aid for children from dysfunctional families.

10

Komu pomóc w pierwszej kolejności? Decyzje dotyczące udzielania pomocy ubogim w świetle Amartyi K. Sena badań nad ubóstwem

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Kwarciński T.

Prakseologia

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2006

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issue 146

31-51

EN

All around the world many people suffer from the lack of sufficient income, well-being or good health. Who among the poor should we help first? Some of the most influential research on poverty has been developed by a famous economist and philosopher Amartya K. Sen. This article is concerned with the problem of reciprocal relations between various concepts and theories of poverty, kinds of ethics and taking decisions about helping poor people. According to Sen, while taking decisions to help the poor we should base our arguments on the capability approach rather than on the basic needs approach, on the entitlement approach rather than the food availability decline, and on the capability rights system rather than utilitarianism.

11

Changes in the relative situation of the poor in a growing economy – the case of Poland

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Kośny M.

Mathematical Economics

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2012

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issue 8 (15)

83-96

EN

The permanently positive economic growth in Poland over the last twenty years has resulted in a significant improvement in the economic situation of households. The distribution of this increase in wealth was not, however, homogenous, and the pattern of income growth proved to be a crucial factor determining the situation of the poor. The aim of the paper is to investigate to what extent the characteristics of the households influence the income growth pattern. Three main groups of households will be considered: the selfemployed and blue- and white-collar workers. The analysis is based on the relative concept of changes in income distribution. Besides the commonly known income growth curves, diagrams related to the Zenga inequality index will be applied.

12

Kto co konsumuje i czy wystarczająco dużo: gospodarka i bieda, czyli Nagroda imienia Nobla z dziedziny ekonomii dla Angusa Deatona (2015)

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Ostasiewicz K.

Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

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2016

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issue 14 (20)

89-110

EN

In 2015 the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was won by Angus Deaton. He was awarded for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare. In this paper we have presented the model of consumption co-authored by Deaton (AID model) in the context of postulated rationality of consumers. Also, Deaton’s research over long-run consumption, global poverty and connected phenomena was shortly discussed. Deaton’s merits in moving the spotlight from aggregated data to individual data was stressed. Additionally, the paper presents some biographical information.

13

SKALA UBÓSTWA ENERGETYCZNEGO W POLSCE NA PODSTAWIE BADAŃ GUS Z 2008 R.

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Kurowski P.

Polityka Społeczna

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2011

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vol. 38

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issue 11-12(452-453)

17-22

EN

The article presents the results of the study "Risks and Opportunities of children and youths living in the Silesian Voivodeship in the area of education and development ". The studies were carried out in November 2009 on a representative sample of mothers of school-age children (7–18 years) by a face-to-face interview (PAPI). The purpose of the study was to obtain information on the key aspects of the lives of children and youths, as well as to estimate, based on the index of opportunities and threats, the percentage of children and youths brought up in "opportunity families" “risk families” and in the category named "intermediate".

14

Problem nierówności dochodowych i ubóstwa w wieloetnicznym społeczeństwie Malezji

100%

Gliniak P.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

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2015

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issue 2(4)

49-67

EN

The objective of this article is to analyze income inequality and poverty issue among ethnic groups in Malaysia. The government in spite of the historic, social and economic determinants inherited from British colonists, has managed this problem efficiently. This was achieved thanks to actual focus on the matter, during the long term development programs realization since the early 70s. These programs’ implementation caused an immediate outbreak of violence targeted to the wealthiest Chinese in 1969. Nowadays Malaysia can be an example of the country that is managing successfully with inequality and poverty reduction together with the high economic growth. It has to be highlighted that during the decades of income inequality elimination between Bumiputera and other ethnic groups, the political and social inequalities raised. Presently, they have an effect on Malaysian economy and population and also impact the country destabilization.

15

Geographical distribution of poverty In Poland

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Chaberko T., Grad N., Kretowicz P., Łebek S.

Prace Geograficzne

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2012

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issue 130

43-54

EN

Local indicators of spatial association (acronym: L I S A) were used to identify regions of high and low poverty in Poland. Poverty is defined as the percentage of individuals on welfare – mean values for the period 2007 – 2009. Each region was assigned a name based on location. Twelve indices commonly associated with poverty were analyzed – 4 of the 12 describe financial status, next 4 social and demographic diversity, and last 4 the standard of living. The authors considered the selected indexes and the way they indicate poverty in some regions and are not related to poverty in other regions. The paper concerns cities, suburban gminas and rural gminas.

16

Determinants of poverty – binary logit model with interaction terms approach

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Dudek H., Lisicka I.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

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2013

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issue 3(41)

65-77

EN

The problem of monetary aspect of welfare in employees’ household was undertaken in this paper. In order to identify the households in danger of poverty, the binary logit models approach was applied. It was found that the estimation of models without the interaction terms results in misspecification error. Due to this, the interaction terms, between the socio-economic factors of households were included in the model. The obtained results can have significant importance in the aspect of social policy in Poland.

17

Rekonstrukcja światowego rozkładu dochodów na podstawie minimalnej informacji statystycznej

100%

Kot S. M., Adamkiewicz-Drwiłło H.

Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

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2013

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issue 11(17)

179-200

EN

The aim of this paper is to obtain a sample from the world income distribution (WID). We assumed log-logistic form of countries’ income distributions with unit means. This implies that such distributions are fully described by their corresponding Gini indices. Gini estimates came from Deninger-Squire, WID2, and other databases for 119 countries in the years 1990-2005. We generated random sample for every distribution and multiplied its values by GDP/capita. Sample size was controlled by sequential ratio test. The world sample consisted of country samples weighted by population shares. We have found that WID is bimodal with diminishing inequality and poverty during analyzed period.

18

Pomagać czy nie pomagać? Nowa perspektywa ekonomii rozwoju

100%

Lewicka-Strzałecka A.

Prakseologia

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2012

|

issue 153

227-243

EN

Many governments, charitable organizations and NGOs are dedicated to helping the world’s poor but much of their effort is wasted. In the opinion of Banerjee and Duﬂo this effort is based on assumptions that are untested generalizations at best, and harmful misperceptions at worst. Because of this, they propose a new way to ﬁght global poverty. The paper presents this way. It is based on randomized trials to reveal the multi-faceted and complex economic lives of the poor. Limitations of the new perspective are shown.

19

Ekonomia rozwoju wobec problemów nędzy i nierówności społecznych na świecie

100%

Piasecki R.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2008

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vol. 11

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issue 1

EN

Development economics became a separate discipline in economic science in the 50s but only in the 60s and mid-70s can one note a bigger interest in those issues. Gradually, there has appeared an extensive literature concerning economic development. In the 80s it turned out, however, that despite some successes, the economic development of the majority of mid- and less developed countries was less satisfactory than expected. During most of the 80s and 90s the so-called Washington consensus dominated theory and practice of economic development. This notion covered the whole range of activities that were to lead the developing countries to greater welfare and prosperity. It included tough fiscal and monetary policy, deregulation, foreign trade and capital flow liberalisation, elimination of government subsidies, moderate taxation, liberalisation of interest rates, maintaining low inflation, etc. From the developmental experience of the past years, a new developmental paradigm is emerging, the elements of which can be described in the following way: • basic economic environment should support investments in the long term • economy should be very sensitive to market stimuli • human resources should complement physical capital • information quick flow and absorption in the fast changing world attribute the key role to the institutions and mechanisms which jointly react to the stimuli. • Wherever there are market imperfections, state intervention should be market friendly. • Social equality must be guaranteed if the economic development is supposed to last on a sustainable basis.

20

Diagnozowanie ubóstwa ekonomicznego na przykładzie Regionu Pomorskiego

100%

Plecka M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2008

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vol. 11

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issue 1

EN

The main goal of this paper is a collation of methods for diagnosing subjective poverty. The comparison concerns the methods of identification of poverty in the sub-regions of the Pomeranian region. The methods of identification proposed by the author indicate that the proposed methods identify poverty much more precisely than the universal methods. It can be considered to carry on the policy of limiting poverty areas based on the local monitoring. The assembled conclusions can allow improvement of accuracy of directing social help and at the same time can increase acceptance of the rules used in administering this help.

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