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Exploring the Social Milieu of Disability: Themes of Poverty, Education, and Labour Participation

100%
Winzer M., Mazurek K.
Labor et Educatio
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2015
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issue 3
155-172
EN
Although many specific aspects of the scope and functioning of disability remain insufficiently explored, it is clear that disability is systematically related to poverty in countries across the economic spectrum. Poverty among persons with disabilities is particularly acute in developing nations; it affects exclusion from schooling and, ultimately, access to the labor market. This paper takes a multi-layered approach to overview the synthesis of disability and poverty, restricted access to education, and constraints to economic participation. It finds that persons with disabilities face inequalities in all areas of life, throughout the life cycle, and that these inequalities lead to exclusion and discrimination and to situations of poverty. The underlying argument holds that disability combined with poverty creates dramatic negative impacts on the social and economic health of individuals. Educating students with disabilities is a good investment and international agencies and national governments must increase efforts to target such persons in education, development programs, and poverty alleviation efforts.
2
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Financial Deepening, Property Rights, and Poverty: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

100%
Singh R. J., Huang Y.
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
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2015
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issue 1(3)
130-151
EN
Recent studies on the relationship between financial development and poverty have been inconclusive. Some claim that, by allowing more entrepreneurs to obtain financing, financial development improves the allocation of capital, which has a particularly large impact on the poor. Others argue that it is primarily the rich and politically connected who benefit from improvements in the financial system. This paper looks at a sample of 37 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 1992 through 2006. Its results suggest that financial deepening could widen income inequality and increase poverty, if not accompanied by stronger property rights. Similarly, interest rate and lending liberalization alone could be detrimental to the poor without institutional reforms, in particular stronger property rights and wider access to credit information.
3

Local disposition to environmental protection, poverty alleviation and other issues in the sustainable development agenda in Ondo State, Nigeria

88%
Olumekun V., Ige E.
Human Affairs
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2011
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vol. 21
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issue 3
294-303
EN
Sustainable development is the global agenda designed to ensure that the world’s climate is not irretrievably damaged and future generations have equal access to the world’s resources for their own development. The institutionalisation of measures to promote sustainable development has however not had unanimous cooperation. This study therefore investigated the attitude of officials at the local government level to topical issues in the sustainable development agenda in Ondo State, Nigeria, as a pointer to entrenched attitudes in the Third World. Prioritisation of issues varied between localities but premium was placed on poverty alleviation more than on climate change or power generation. People were more concerned with the improvement of their general well-being including health. Respondents indicated that most of the topical issues on the sustainable development agenda could be addressed at the local level thereby lending support for the notion that local action can contribute to global action. However, inclusive measures to promote positive action need to be institutionalised.
4
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China’s achievements in poverty reduction

63%
Pęciak R.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2020
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issue vol. 64, nr 12
71-86
EN
In 1978 in China, nearly 250 million citizens lived under the official poverty line, and the poverty rate was 30.7%, which by 2018 fell to 0.6%. The purpose of the paper is to review the history of China’s poverty reduction strategy. The statistical data, covering the period from the beginning of the economic reforms to 2018/2019, show the process that took place in reducing poverty in China. Although the main goal of the reforms undertaken by Deng Xiaoping was to improve living conditions in China, no targeted policy was applied in the initial period. From the mid-1980s onwards the systematic and targeted actions but also successive modification and adjustment of the implemented programs allowed to continue the fight against poverty, especially in rural areas. Despite the obvious success, China still faces major challenges. It is necessary to lead a more precise orientation of poverty relief policies, but also through the coordination of the antipoverty strategy and confronting it with practices.
PL
W 1978 r. w Chinach prawie 250 mln obywateli żyło poniżej krajowej linii ubóstwa, a wskaźnik ubóstwa wynosił 30,7%. W 2018 r. wskaźnik ten wyniósł 0,6%. Celem artykułu jest omówienie realizowanej przez władze chińskie strategii redukcji tego zjawiska. Dane statyczne obejmujące okres od początku reform gospodarczych do lat 2018-2019 pokazują proces, jaki dokonał się w tej dziedzinie. Mimo że głównym celem reform podjętych w 1978 r. przez Deng Xiaopinga była poprawa warunków życia, w początkowym okresie nie wdrożono żadnej polityki celowej. Od połowy lat 80. XX wieku sukcesywne i ukierunkowane działania, a także modyfikacja i dostosowywanie wdrażanych programów pozwoliły ograniczyć ubóstwo, szczególnie na obszarach wiejskich. Mimo ewidentnych sukcesów Chiny stoją przed poważnymi wyzwaniami. Konieczne jest precyzyjne ukierunkowanie polityki na rzecz walki z ubóstwem, a także koordynacja strategii i konfrontowanie jej z praktyką.
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