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Energy expenditure of athletes' endurance and strength in the light of the Polish energy intake standards

100%
Frączek B., Grzelak A., Klimek A. T.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
|
2019
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vol. 32
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issue 1
1-13
EN
Objectives The purpose of the study was to estimate training energy expenditure (TEE) and daily energy expenditure (DEE) in the Polish elite athletes engaged in endurance sports and power sports, and to compare their levels with the Polish energy intake standards. Material and Methods The study sample consisted of 30 athletes (15 women and 15 men) whose energy expenditure was estimated based on heart rate monitoring. Results The mean values of DEE obtained for women engaged in endurance sports (WE – women endurance) and power sports (WP – women power) were 3201±533 kcal and 3217±554 kcal, respectively. In the group of male athletes, the respective values were 4518±717 kcal for endurance athletes (ME – men endurance) and 4459±837 kcal for power athletes (MP – men power). The mean values of TEE for female athletes were 819±240 kcal (WE) and 1047±248 kcal (WP). Those obtained for male athletes were significantly higher: 1440±675 kcal (ME) and 1337±331 kcal (MP). Conclusions Unlike the demands of particular sport disciplines, an athlete’s sex proved to be a factor causing significant differences between the TEE and DEE of athletes representing different sport disciplines. Individual athletes were found to differ significantly in their demand for energy, which in some cases was considerably different from what energy intake standards propose. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(1):1–13
2

УРАХУВАННЯ ВІКОВИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ СТУДЕНТІВ ПІД ЧАС ЗАНЯТЬ СИЛОВИМИ ВИДАМИ СПОРТУ

84%
Валерій Ж.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2017
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issue 4(68)
99-111
EN
The article analyzes age characteristics of students during power sports classes in higher education institutions, examines morphological, functional and psychological characteristics of this age group. Considering factors that determine the student’s ability to achieve positive results in the development of strength and muscle mass during power sports classes turned out to be of special importance. This is a type of muscle fiber. The structure of muscle fibers could be of two types: slow and fast contractile. These types of fibers are different relatively independentfunctional units with different morphological, biochemical and contractile properties. Slow fibers have a low rate of contraction, a large number of mitochondria (energy stores), high activity of oxidative processes and high vascularization (capillarization), much glycogen. Fast fibers have fewer capillaries, mitochondria number, high glycolytic capacity, high-speed reduction. Slow muscle fibers are the most suitable to perform long aerobic work. They can force low power for a long time. Fast muscle fibers are adapted to the anaerobic nature of work. They develop high-power short-term efforts. With age, there is an increase in muscle mass and strength. After reaching physiological maturity, the development of muscle mass is even. Boys have a higher percentage of muscles than girls do. The difference in the number forms in the presence of male sex hormone – testosterone, resulting in the fact that men have well-developed muscular system than women. Students with a relatively short length of the muscle can carry the load with a large burden, and the relatively long have greater potential in the development of muscular effort; place the tendon insertion. Muscle strength depends on where the tendon inserts, giving preference to biomechanical moving. The student age is the age of the final stage, followed by a period of relative stabilization of all forms of motor characteristics. Physical education and sports in this period are the most important means of physical development, hardening of the body, a high level of strength, speed, endurance, coordination, good functional status, knowledge bases of sports health, develop sustainable habits to regular exercise, natural, biological basis for development of personal qualities.
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