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EN
The present text attempts to answer the question concerning the sources, content and essence of moral obligation, as it is was conceived of by Karol Wojty]a, and the importance of moral obligation for the understanding of education. The essence of education, seen through the prism of the category of “moral obligation”, points to the affirmation of the dignity of the person as the foundation of education according to the personalistic approach. The pupil, following the personalistic norm, i.e. affirming the person, becomes morally good and thus fulfils his/her moral obligation. Preparing the pupil to discover and affirm the human dignity (which, in practice, means teaching to love) is the fundamental goal of educating the human being as a person and the necessary basis for other, particular educational goals. Love as a response to the dignity of a person is the content of moral obligation and the essence of personalistic education.
EN
In his considerations of the appropriate course of the educational process, John Amos Comenius pays a lot of attention to the issues of health. This article demonstrates that Comenius’ argumentation proceeds along the following lines. Lifespan is important because of the nature of the developmental process of human beings – the development of the mind and acquisition of knowledge take time. Comenius assumes implicite that God gives every man the lifespan which is appropriate for him, i.e. sufficient to achieve the level of personal development which God planned for him, and to accomplish everything God intended him to accomplish. If a man does not lead his life the right way, if – because of his laziness or stupidity – he does not fill his life with the right substance or ruins his health by inappropriate lifestyle and shortens his earthly existence, then he acts against God’s intentions towards him. Thus, neglecting one’s own health and harming it intentionally becomes a sin, while concern for one’s health becomes a moral imperative.
Logos i Ethos
|
2023
|
vol. 61
|
issue 1
57-70
PL
Artykuł przedstawia koncepcję etyki opracowaną przez Karola Wojtyłę w jego polemice z systemami etycznymi Immanuela Kanta oraz Maksa Schelera. Wojtyła negatywnie ocenia system Schelera jako narzędzie do naukowej interpretacji etyki chrześcijańskiej, a zarazem jako narzędzie interpretacji doświadczenia moralności jako takiego. Nie ocenia jednak negatywnie samej metody fenomenologicznej, która w jego opinii stanowi niezbędne narzędzie w analizie faktów moralnych. Co więcej, Wojtyła postuluje, aby metodę tę stosować jeszcze bardziej konsekwentnie niż czynił to sam Scheler. W swojej częściowo uzasadnionej polemice z Kantem, Scheler posunął się bowiem zbyt daleko, wykluczając moment normatywny z doświadczenia moralności. Wojtyła stwierdził, że sama fenomenologiczna analiza doświadczenia - przede wszystkim sądów sumienia - pokazuje, że normatywność dana jest w źródłowym doświadczeniu moralności.
EN
The article presents the concept of ethics developed by Karol Wojtyła in his polemic against the ethical systems of Immanuel Kant and Max Scheler. Wojtyła negatively evaluates Scheler’s system as a tool for scientific interpretation of the Christian ethics, and at the same time as a tool for interpreting the experience of morality as such. However, he does not negatively evaluate the phenomenological method itself, which, in his opinion, is an indispensable tool in the analysis of moral facts. Moreover, Wojtyła proposes that this method should be applied even more consistently than Scheler himself did. This is because in his – partly justified – polemic with Kant, Scheler went too far in excluding the normative moment from the experience of morality. Wojtyła argues that the very phenomenological analysis of experience – above all, the judgments of conscience – shows that normativity is given in the originary experience of morality.
EN
The purpose of this review article is to critically discuss and comment on the contents of the monograph entitled Integralność ciała ludzkiego jako powinność moralna. Przesłanie moralne Kościoła [The integrity of the human body as a moral obligation. The moral message of the Church], which, edited by K. Smykowski, appeared on the publishing market in 2022. In the reviewed publication, two basic meanings in which we can talk about the dependence mentioned in the title of the monograph are brought closer and analysed. The article shows how the principium of the integrity of the human body finds application in theological and moral anthropology, bioethics and in many other practical disciplines of knowledge, such as canon law, catechetical pedagogy, homiletics and social sciences.
PL
Celem artykułu recenzyjnego jest krytyczne omówienie i skomentowanie treści zawartych w monografii pt. Integralność ludzkiego ciała jako powinność moralna. Przesłanie moralne Kościoła, która pod redakcją K. Smykowskiego ukazała się na rynku wydawniczym w 2022 roku. W recenzowanej publikacji przybliżono i zanalizowano dwa podstawowe znaczenia, w jakich możemy mówić o zależności wspomnianej w tytule monografii. W artykule ukazano, w jaki sposób pryncypium integralności ludzkiego ciała znajduje zastosowanie w antropologii teologicznomoralnej, bioetyce oraz w wielu innych praktycznych dyscyplinach wiedzy, takich jak: prawo kanoniczne, katechetyka pedagogika, homiletyka i nauki społeczne.
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