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Wybór Klaudiusza na cesarza

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EN
The article offers a critical analysis of the source accounts which present the circumstances surrounding the election of Claudius for princeps. Among other things, I attempt to answer the question whether his appointment to the imperial throne resulted from a sheer concatenation of circumstances or was perhaps due to planned action of a substantial group of soldiers of the praetorian guard.
PL
Rok 69, nazywany powszechnie w historiografii rokiem czterech cesarzy, był przełomowy w dziejach starożytnego Rzymu. To armia decydowała o wyborze cesarza i poparciu jego osoby. Wojsko odegrało istotną rolę w kreowaniu polityki Cesarstwa. Galba otrzymał z rąk żołnierzy władzę cesarską, ale też z ich powodu ją stracił. Oton był prefektem pretorianów, z ich błogosławieństwem przejął władzę. Jednak wkrótce po tym wydarzeniu, armia stacjonująca w Germanii oddała władzę Witeliuszowi. Był to cesarz dwóch bitew spod Bedriacum, tej wygranej z żołnierzami popierającymi Otona oraz tej rozegranej między nim a Wespazjanem i kończącej praktycznie jego rządy. Wespazjan stworzył nową dynastię cesarską, która odbudowała zniszczone wojną domową Imperium.
EN
The year 69 AD named in historiography as a year of the four emperors was a turning point in the ancient history of Rome. It was the army which decided who ascended to the throne and which supported the emperor. The army played an important role in shaping the Empire’s policy. Galba received the power of an Emperor from the legions but was also deprived of that power by them. Otho was a prefect of praetorians and took over the reign with their support. However, soon after that the army, which was in Germany, handed over the throne to Vitellius. He was the emperor of two battles, the one of Bedriacum in which he defeated the legions supporting Otho and that battle between with Vespasian which ended his reign. Vespasian established a new imperial dynasty, which rebuilt the Empire ruined by civil war.
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