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Post-Truth, Fake News, and other Similar Ones — Their Nature and Role

100%
Czarnocka M.
Dialogue and Universalism
|
2025
|
issue 2
171-193
EN
I demonstrate that post-truth and fake news, as well as less frequently discussed in philosophy dis-information, mis-information, certain types of propaganda and other related pseudo-news, have the character of pragmatic truth in William James’s understanding. I call these phenomena, which form a family, instrumental messages. It is not correct to explain them as lies, or equivalently as falsehoods in the common sense, i.e. as negations of classical truth, i.e. truth that objectively represents reality. Although, which may seem paradoxical, instrumental messages are usually such falsehoods. These messages are means of action, or more specifically, means of realizing the interests of their beneficiaries by means of cognitive camouflage. The camouflage is correspondence truth. The current eruption of post-truths, fake news and other instrumental messages is a result of the spread of a pragmatic system of values. This eruption manifests a profound civilizational change, consisting in the instrumentalization of the social world and in this also in the adjustment of values to particular interests, non-universal, variable, not subordinated to „eternal” guiding ideas.
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Natura post-prawdy

84%
Czarnocka M.
Filozofia i Nauka
|
2021
|
vol. 9
147-170
EN
The paper demonstrates a close relationship of post-truth to pragmatic truth as William James put it. As such post-truth cannot be treated-as it is commonly perceived-as a falsehood in the sense given it by the classical idea of truth. Post-truth is not a classical cognitive value, but a means of action, more concretely, a means of realizing interests of its operator by using the method of cognitive camouflage; it means that post-truth is disguised as a truth in its classical (correspondence) sense, but it only seemingly communicates in the objective way (i.e., impartially and nonsubjectively) real facts. In my view, the present eruption of post-truths is an effect of the spreading of the pragmatic system of values and infecting by it the whole public sphere and, in consequence, also individual principles and norms of action.
PL
Wykazuję, że post-prawda jest blisko pokrewna prawdzie pragmatycznej w ujęciu Williama Jamesa, tj. prawdzie „użytecznościowej”. Jako taka post-prawda nie może być kwalifikowana – jak to się nagminnie utrzymuje – jako fałsz (negacja prawdy) w sensie zadanym w klasycznej idei prawdy. Post-prawdziwość nie jest bowiem wartością poznawczą w klasycznym systemie wartości poznawczych, a środkiem działania, a konkretniej środkiem realizowania interesów jej dysponentów przy pomocy kamuflażu poznawczego. Obecna erupcja post-prawd jest efektem rozpowszechnienia się pragmatycznego systemu wartości i infekowania nim całej sfery publicznej oraz prywatnej.
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