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Europejskie ugrupowanie współpracy terytorialnej. Analiza instrumentu prawnego w wybranych państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

100%

Jacolik M.

Zeszyt Prawniczy UAM

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2023

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issue Nr 13

43–54

PL

Artykuł obejmuje tematykę współpracy terytorialnej podejmowanej w formie europejskiego ugrupowania współpracy terytorialnej. Celem badawczym jest jego prawna charakterystyka na gruncie przepisów prawa unijnego. Za cel przyjęto także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak odnośne ugrupowanie jest uregulowane w Polsce, na Węgrzech i w Republice Słowackiej. W pracy wykorzystano dwie metody badawcze: metodę dogmatycznoprawną oraz prawnoporównawczą. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że uregulowanie EUWT w Polsce, na Węgrzech i w Republice Słowackiej różni się, niemniej występują też elementy analogiczne. Poruszona tematyka jest istotna z punktu widzenia realizacji celów traktatowych przez państwa członkowskie UE, do których należy podejmowanie działań na rzecz rozwoju i spójności. Do tych działań przyczynia się podejmowanie współpracy w formie EUWT.

EN

The article covers the subject of territorial cooperation undertaken in the form of a European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation. The research objective is its legal characteristics on the basis of EU law. The aim was also to try to answer the questions how the relevant grouping is regulated in Poland, Hungary and the Slovak Republic. Two research methods were used in the work. The dogmatic and legal method and the comparative law method. The conducted research shows that the regulation of EGTCs in Poland, Hungary and the Slovak Republic differs, but there are also analogous elements. The topics discussed are important from the point of view of the implementation of the treaty objectives by the EU Member States, which is, among others, taking action for the development and consistency. Cooperation contributes to these efforts in the form of an EGTC.

2

The Consolidation of Hungarian Legal Practice with the Austrian Norms in 1861

100%

Képessy I.

Studia Iuridica

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2019

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vol. 80

155-168

EN

A few months before the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution in August 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph issued the Constitution of Olmütz, which suspended the Hungarian constitutional order. After 1850, the Viennese Government aimed to unify the legal system in the whole empire, and as part of the process, many Austrian legal norms were imposed by royal decrees upon the Hungarian territories. This led to fundamental changes in the country’s legal system (the customary law as “law in action” took precedence up until 1848), even though it happened unconstitutionally. The worsening state of affairs and the defeat in the Austro-Sardinian War led the Emperor to promulgate a new constitution which became known as the October Diploma in 1860. Accordingly, Hungary regained its former constitutional status, but Franz Joseph ordered the newly reinstated chief justice to assemble a council that should debate over the most pressing issues regarding the administration of justice. There, the most influential lawyers proposed that the Hungarian laws shall be restored – albeit with several compromises. Most members agreed that an absolute and immediate repeal of every Austrian legal norm would certainly violate the rights of the citizens. Therefore, even though this committee did not accept the validity of these laws, the majority of its members argued that some of them must remain in effect until the Parliament will reconvene. Consequently, the Austrian legal norms as “law in books” deeply influenced the “law in action” in Hungary for the years to come.

3

Edition of the Provisional Judicial Rules of the Judex-Curial Conference from 1861 and the Methodology of Editions of Historical Legal Sources

51%

Gábriš T.

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 3

463-483

EN

The paper explains the methodology applied in the edition of historical legal sources of major importance for the 19th and 20th centuries Slovakia – the edition of the Provisional Judicial Rules (“PJR”) of the Judex-Curial Conference of 1861. At the Conference, legal scholars and politicians adopted a decision to abandon the previous twelve years of neoabsolutism and centralism introduced by the Austrian law, and opted for a renewal of the traditional Hungarian legal system with some changes introduced by the laws of March 1848 (the March Constitution of 1848). At the same time they retained some rules of Austrian origin and created some rules that were entirely new, particularly in the field of civil procedural law and inheritance law. While evaluating the legal nature of the PJR, the literature used to claim that they never became law because Parliament of 1861 was not created legally (representatives were not elected under the electoral law enacted as part of the March Constitution of 1848) and because the monarch, Francis Joseph I, had not yet been crowned (his coronation took place in 1867). Therefore the legislative process could not be successfully completed. The only solution that was reported to was the recognition of the exceptional situation which dominated in Hungary between 1861–1867 – it was the period between neoabsolutism and another provisorium, a period of “limited constitutionalism”. Under such conditions it was not possible to meet the formalities of official legislation process. Thus PJR could become binding only de facto – through the power of persuasion. However, after a corpus of case law began to consolidate during several years, it could be argued that the PJR was transformed from the actual source of judicial decision-making into customary law.

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1 Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

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1 Gábriš T.

1 Jacolik M.

1 Képessy I.

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Europejskie ugrupowanie współpracy terytorialnej. Analiza instrumentu prawnego w wybranych państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

The Consolidation of Hungarian Legal Practice with the Austrian Norms in 1861

Edition of the Provisional Judicial Rules of the Judex-Curial Conference from 1861 and the Methodology of Editions of Historical Legal Sources