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1

Aggravation of Risk and Precautionary Measures in Non-Life Insurance: A Tricky Scope for the Insurer?

100%
Olavi-Jüri L., Rainer R., Magnus B.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics
|
2015
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vol. 8
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issue 2
1-45
EN
Aggravation of risk and failure to take precautionary measures are focal issues in non-life insurance in terms of potential partial or full release of the insurer from the duty to perform. Not infrequently, it is difficult to draw a line between the aggravation of risk on the one hand, and non-compliance with precautionary measures on the other, since a particular action by a policyholder may present both situations. At the same time, the legal remedies available to the insurer regarding these two situations are different in scope. The aggravation of risk and non-compliance with precautionary measures are precisely the bases on which insurers actually reduce indemnity or refuse to compensate for damages. This article explores the differences between insurance laws in the Baltic states-specifically, the Estonian Law of Obligations Act, the Latvian Insurance Contract Law and Lithuanian rules contained in the Civil Code and Insurance Law. The article explores the differences between the Baltic states’ insurance laws and the Principles of European Insurance Contract Law (PEICL) with regard to a policyholder’s duty in relation to aggravation of risk and precautionary measures, as the rights and obligations of policyholders do change where the optional instrument is applied. The article also includes comparisons to German, Finnish and Russian insurance law.
2

Odroczenie wykonania kary z zastosowaniem dozoru elektronicznego w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego z 20 lutego 2015 r.

88%
Mrozek K.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2015
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vol. 37
157-166
EN
This article concentrates around the institution of deferral of the commencement of electronic monitoring. It is abrand new solution, introduced to the law order with the Act of 20th February 2015 amending the Act — Penal Code and other acts. In the scope of the author’s interest there is not only the punishment of restriction of liberty, mentioned in Art. 34 § 1a point 2 but also specified punitive as well as safeguard measures. In the deliberations on the subject particular attention has been paid to the basis for applying this institution and the means of the right conduct after the deadline for the total period of suspension of the execution of a sentence.
3
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Orzekanie o umorzeniu postępowania karnego i zastosowaniu środka zabezpieczającego w postaci internacji psychiatrycznej. Analiza w kontekście konstytucyjnej zasady równości oraz wymogów poprawnej legislacji

75%
Karaźniewicz J.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2022
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issue 3(75)
9-26
EN
The article concerns the principles of adjudicating on discontinuation of criminal proceedings due to the perpetrator’s insanity and ordering a stay in a psychiatric institution as a precautionary measure. The author indicates the dualism of the procedures in force and its effects, related in particular to various forms of court adjudication. The different forms of adjudication and the related differences in appealing against the decision result in different procedural situations of the suspects. The author assesses them in the context of the principle of equality before the law. She also analyzes the current regulations from the perspective of the principle of proper legislation.
4
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Izolacja postpenalna w Krajowym Ośrodku Zapobiegania Zachowaniom Dyssocjalnym a poszanowanie praw i wolności człowieka

63%
Trzeja P.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
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2021
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vol. 19
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issue 1
105-119
EN
The aim of this paper is to draw the reader’s attention to the issue of post-penal isolation in the form provided for by the Act of 22 November 2013 on Proceedings Against Persons with Mental Disorders Posing a Threat to the Life, Health or Sexual Freedom of Others. The paper seeks to present the origins of the said institution, constitutional doubts related to the Act as well as the practical aspects of the operation of the National Centre for the Prevention of Antisocial Behaviour (KOZZD). The author is interested in the discrepancies between the theoretical assumptions about the operation of the Centre and the actual organisation of this facility as well as conditions of isolation there. In particular, the issues of overcrowding of KOZZD and its implications for the situation of detained individuals are discussed. The entire analysis is carried out in the context of human rights and freedoms. The article concludes with a summary of the considerations and a firm objection to the violations of the dignity of individuals in a democratic state ruled by law.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi Czytelnika na problematykę izolacji postpenalnej w kształcie nadanym ustawą z dnia 22 listopada 2013 roku o postępowaniu wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi stwarzających zagrożenie życia, zdrowia lub wolności seksualnej innych osób. Praca nacelowana jest na przedstawienie genezy rzeczonej instytucji, wątpliwości natury konstytucyjnej związanych z powołaną ustawą, a także praktycznych aspektów działania KOZZD. W kręgu zainteresowania autorki pozostaje dysonans pomiędzy teoretycznymi założeniami co do funkcjonowania placówki a rzeczywistą organizacją Ośrodka i warunkami izolacji w nim. W szczególności poruszona zostaje problematyka przepełnienia KOZZD i implikacje tego dla sytuacji jednostek poddanych detencji. Całość analizy dokonywana jest w kontekście praw i wolności człowieka. Zwieńczenie artykułu stanowi podsumowanie rozważań i stanowczy sprzeciw wobec naruszania godności jednostek w demokratycznym państwie prawa.
5

Środki zabezpieczające stosowane wobec przestępców wykazujących zaburzenia osobowości

63%
Góralski P.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2015
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vol. 37
13-38
EN
The article discusses the criminal law and criminology issues of the precautionary measures used against criminals with personality disordersIt analyses the notion of human personality, personality disorders and their influence on the criminal responsibility of offenders. The discussion presented in the article refers to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of 1932, the Criminal Code of 1969 and the applicable provisions of the Criminal Code of 1997. The article also presents the measures used against criminals with personality disorders provided for in the Act of 22nd November 2013 on proceedings against persons with mental disorders posing athreat to life, health or sexual freedom of others. It also analyses the regulations of the amended Criminal Code as of 20th February 2015 concerning precautionary measures used against criminals with personality disorders such as electronic monitoring, therapy and addiction therapy.
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