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EN
This article introduces the problems connected with the image of Ukrainians in the Polish press, based on some important events that led to the inclusion of this subject for public discourse. The first of it was the attitude of Poles to Ukrainians working in Poland, the second – revolution on Kiev’s Maidan, and the third – problem of education of foreigners in Poland, especially Ukrainians. The author focuses on the press articles (on local and national coverage), because press is still the main determinant of stimulating the tone and quality of public discussion. Surprising that these topics caused a specific narrative, which was largely based on stereotypes, although most of these issues arose precisely from such a perception of Ukrainians. Therefore extremely interesting, according to the author, was the way of conducting narration in newspapers and magazines, mainly determined by the ideological inclination of the press, or insufficient deepening of the depicted problems.
EN
This paper aims to present a theoretically-empirical reflection on the citizen-oriented model of journalism developed from the social responsibility of the media paradigm. The main indicator of that model is the significant attention paid by journalists to the current perspective of the citizens (in terms of their expectations, demands, actions), to educate citizens about their rights and obligations, as well as to encourage people to actively participate in public debate. The study was conducted under the framework of the international comparative project “Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe”, launched and coordinated by C. Mellado and L. Hellmueller from Texas State University, USA (www.journalisticperformance.org). The results of empirical research (an analysis of the contents of four Polish daily newspapers) revealed that Polish journalism insufficiently incorporates the model of civic service, one of whose most rudimentary aims is the support, education and representation of the citizens’ interests.
EN
This paper aims to present a theoretically-empirical reflection on the citizen-oriented model of journalism developed from the social responsibility of the media paradigm. The main indicator of that model is the significant attention paid by journalists to the current perspective of the citizens (in terms of their expectations, demands, actions), to educate citizens about their rights and obligations, as well as to encourage people to actively participate in public debate. The study was conducted under the framework of the international comparative project “Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe”, launched and coordinated by C. Mellado and L. Hellmueller from Texas State University, USA (www.journalisticperformance.org). The results of empirical research (an analysis of the contents of four Polish daily newspapers) revealed that Polish journalism insufficiently incorporates the model of civic service, one of whose most rudimentary aims is the support, education and representation of the citizens’ interests.
EN
The subject of the article are the opinions of the USSR and Russia experts published in the magazine “The Ark” in the years 1991–1995 and concerning the future of Russian Federation. The authors of those publications attempted to answer the question which direction will the internal development of Russia take, when it comes to its politics, economy and social relations. Also they discussed about the tactics that the Russian state will choose for its relations with neighbors, and particularly Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic States. Most of the publicists expressed an opinion that Russia will not develop in the direction of liberal democracy and will become a formally democratic, but actually authoritarian rule state instead, with a strong position of the officials-business class. As far foreign policy is concerned there will be attempts at rebuilding the position of a superpower that was forfeited as the results of loss in the Cold War conflict with the United States and Western Europe.
PL
Tematem artykułu są opinie znawców ZSRR i Rosji zamieszczane na łamach czasopisma „Arka” w latach 1991–1995, dotyczące przyszłości Federacji Rosyjskiej. Autorzy publikacji próbowali odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jakim kierunku będzie zmierzał rozwój wewnętrzny Rosji zarówno w dziedzinie polityki, gospodarki, jak i stosunków społecznych. Zastanawiano się także nad taktyką, jaką podejmie państwo rosyjskie w stosunkach z sąsiadami, szczególnie z Ukrainą, Białorusią i państwami nadbałtyckimi. Większość publicystów wyrażało opinię, że Rosja nie będzie się rozwijać w kierunku zachodniego modelu demokracji liberalnej, lecz stanie się państwem formalnie demokratycznym, ale faktycznie rządzonym w sposób autorytarny z silną pozycją warstwy urzędniczo-biznesowej. W wymiarze polityki zagranicznej będą natomiast podejmowane próby odbudowy pozycji mocarstwowej utraconej w wyniku porażki w konflikcie zimnowojennym ze Stanami Zjednoczonymi i z Europą Zachodnią.
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