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EN
The article concerns a very popular in the area of civil and, above all, in the obligation law, comprehensive clause which considers the principles of equity as a summary term describing all references which are connected with the equity criteria. The presence of this clause in the code of obligations from 1933 has been deeply analysed basing on the solutions from the great civil codifications (the Napoleonic Code, ABGB and BGB) which were in force on Polish territories. The domain of discourse in the article embraces also the fact, that the code of obligations was valid during some period of People’s Republic of Poland (namely, until the effective date of new civil code – 1.01.1965) and shows that the impact of Soviet principles of community life (introduced into general rules of the civil code from 1950) on the traditional clauses basing on the equity criteria was siginificant.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy popularnej w prawie cywilnym, a w prawie obligacyjnym w szczególności, generalnej klauzuli odsyłającej do zasad słuszności, rozumianych jako zbiorcze określenie wszystkich odesłań, w których pojawia się kryterium słuszności. Przeanalizowano obecność tej klauzuli w kodeksie zobowiązań z 1933 r. na tle rozwiązań przyjętych w wielkich kodyfikacjach cywilnych obowiązujących na ziemiach polskich, tj. w Kodeksie Napoleona, kodeksie cywilnym austriackim (ABGB) oraz w niemieckim kodeksie cywilnym (BGB). Podjęte w artykule rozważania uwzględniły także fakt obowiązywania kodeksu zobowiązań w warunkach Polski Ludowej (do wejścia w życie w dniu 1 stycznia 1965 r. kodeksu cywilnego), ukazując wpływ zasad współżycia społecznego, zaczerpniętych z prawa radzieckiego, a wprowadzonych do Przepisów ogólnych prawa cywilnego z 1950 r., na tradycyjne klauzule oparte na kryterium słuszności.
PL
The main legal problem which is addressed in this article focuses on impact of expiry of the time limit of the perpetual usufruct of a property on the right of separate ownership of the premises in a building on the land kept in perpetual usufruct. The author collates two opposed theories and argues that the separate ownership of premises should expired also. This outlook was not shared by the Supreme Court in the seven judges’ Resolution of 25 August 2017, III CZP 11/17, therefor, the thesis from it are analyzed and criticized. In author’s opinion, the courts should pass in accordance with the rules (Article 235 § 2 CC in conjunction with Article 3(1) and Article 4(3) of the Act of 24 June 1994 on Ownership of Premises) and the judgments which refer to principles of equity should be marked negative.
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