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EN
Reading stamina, a term for someone’s ability to keep reading in one sit, is believed to be affected by the reading formats. Despite the crucial benefit of reading stamina for lifelong reading performance, it has not received much attention in literacy research. This study, thus, aims to find out the effect of reading formats (digital and print) on the reading stamina of college students. 70 Indonesian college students taking an English course were involved in this study. They were divided into two groups. 35 of them were asked to read a novel in digital format and the rest were asked to read a novel in print format for four-time meetings (30 minutes each). Their reading stamina was assessed through a reading behavior observation sheet. The students’ perception about their reading behavior was also collected through a self-reflection questionnaire adapted from Lynch (2018). The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively. The result showed that there was an increase in the students’ reading stamina for digital format from meeting one through meeting four, but a decrease in print format. Additionally, statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the students’ reading stamina between those who read digital and print format (t (68) = 5.013, p < 0.05, d = 1.2). Regarding the students’ perception about their reading behavior, 69.20% of them mentioned that reading in print format was easier than reading digital format. These findings suggest that choosing appropriate reading format is pivotal for college students since abundant reading resources are available nowadays.
EN
A 1672 copperplate engraving of the miraculous effigy of Our Lady of Czerwińsk (1612, Łukasz of Łowicz) is discussed. The print, kept in the sanctuary in Czerwińsk on the Vistula, shows the effigy of the Madonna surrounded by numerous votive offerings featuring inscriptions and cartouches illustrating the miraculous events which have taken place thanks to her intervention.
Human Affairs
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2014
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vol. 24
|
issue 4
461-469
EN
In this article, the authors are concerned with the question of the nature of print and the impact print has on shaping the collective mentality, especially in the context of the electronic media “boom”. Based on their analysis, they state that print has, since its creation, promoted a subject-object dualism, the development of abstract, linear thinking and the shaping of a collective mentality. Print is currently already under the strong, paradigmatic influence of electronic media resulting in a qualitatively new kind of “reading”. That is to say that the electronic media cyberspace encourages the “hyper-textual” interlinking of different kinds of information in our learning or thinking, which can be referred to as “rhizomorphic”. This kind of process is bound up with non-linear “reading”, where the image dominates the word in cyberspace. The electronic media cyberspace thus dominates and shapes the contemporary collective mentality in our culture, including its approach to print.
EN
Mikhailo Slozka, Lviv printer, was the author of many paratexts (prefaces, letters of dedications, heraldic verses) in Cyryllic religious books, mainly liturgical ones. There were books printed on their own initiative and prepared in his typography and those ordered by local Orthodox brotherhood. The reader (mostly clergyman), gained form the knowledge about the role of the book in religious, spiritual and cultural-educational life, he learned respect for books and knowledge. He got to know the creators of the most important books used in the Church and those intended for individual prayer and deepening of the Christian formation. The activities of Slozka undoubtedly favored the renewal of religious and cultural life in the Metropolitanate of Kyiv and are worth further scientific research.
EN
The paper discusses some aspects of possibilities and dangers that new digital technologies bring in the camp of transmission of texts, especially the literary ones, and their scholar edition. While the new trends and achieve- ments are still under discussion, a glance towards the similar situation of some 500 years ago, when printing press was introduced to replace, step by step, a manuscript communication, could be useful to understand what we experience and to foresee some ways these new technologies will probably undertake.
EN
The woodcuts of Arthur C. Danto remain overshadowed by his work as a philosopher, aesthetician and art critic. The present article addresses several formal aspects of these woodcuts, beginning with an analysis of the graphic line and the way in which these lines are composed of stains, the suggestion of space appearing at the edge of the line, the relationship between the amount of time invested in the making of a woodcut and the time taken up by its perception as well as the aesthetic motifs of the Far East, especially in terms of the spontaneity of the artistic act set against the time-consuming and disciplined production of a woodcut block. The text refrains from analysing the relationship between Danto’s philosophical theorising and his artistic work and instead identifies particular technical characteristics of his work that may constitute a starting point for a general aesthetic reflection on his woodcuts and, subsequently, on the relationship between the act of creating and the act of philosophising.
EN
L'Affaire Furtif (2010) by Sylvain Prudhomme and L'Empreinte à Crusoé (2012) by Patrick Chamoiseau invest the ‘robinsonade’ genre with a renewed thought on memory and forgetfulness. These stories have the particularity of enriching the thematic and philosophical treatment of forgetfulness with a literary approach, in the light of the mythical legacy in which they are involved. Forgetfulness constitutes an initiatory threshold, desired in Prudhomme's case or endured in Chamoiseau's, thanks to which the main characters discover or rediscover themselves. Above all, the two stories have a strong specular dimension used to think on the weight of literary legacy in scriptural work.
EN
This article deals with the aesthetic evolution of the artist’s book in printmaking and its close connection to the graphic procedures resulting from the printing press and the current transdisciplinarity of the various areas of knowledge. Each stride of technical progress in the field of graphic arts spawned a transformation in the aesthetics of the images comprising books, as they served to enhance the graphic quality of the aesthetics presented.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy ewolucji estetycznej książek artystycznych i jej ścisłego związku z procedurami graficznymi oraz obecnej transdyscyplinarności różnych dziedzin wiedzy. Każdy postęp techniczny w dziedzinie techniki warsztatowej powodował przemianę estetyki obrazów tworzących książkę, przyczyniając się do poprawy jakości graficznej prezentowanych działań artystycznych.
EN
Facebook has become one of the mediums of creativity and criticism of works of art as a result of the nature of its blended writing. At the “completion” of a composition, Facebook poems maintain a certain degree of the static form, which is a characteristic of print literature. Facebook poetry coalesces the oral and print into a “new” form of poetry and extends the boundaries of oral and print literature. Using Bolter and Grusin concept of Remediation as a theoretical framework, this paper examines literary heredity and variation in selected Facebook poems of Veralyn Chinenye and her collaborative authors and participants. The paper further examines the characteristics and criticism of Facebook poetry and explicates the functionality of “Emoji”, “Comments”, “Share”, and intertextuality in the on-going creation and criticism of Facebook poetry that is different from the conventional perception and practice of literary creativity and criticism. Through the examples of poetry analysed in this paper, our findings show that digital literature is, to an extent, fluid and shares identical characteristics with oral literature in terms of artist and audience participation, occasion of performance
PL
Artykuł podejmuje historyczny już problem powieści postmodernistycznej traktowanej jako instytucja poznania. Skupia się na analizie projektów fikcji zakładających wykorzystanie materialności przekazu i konwencji edytorskiej, obnażaniu w powieści jej własnej tekstowości. Głównym tematem jest spojrzenie na próbę przekroczenia ograniczeń narzucanych powieści przez jej medium, traktowaniu jej jako interfejsu wiedzy, a lektury jako procesu nawigowania po tekście. Autor analizuje w tym celu wybrane książki i manifesty z „kanonu” literatury postmodernistycznej.
EN
The article is undertaking the historical problem of postmodern fiction treated as an institution of knowledge. It focuses on analysing projects of literature fiction which are based on the concept of materiality of text and editorial conventions. The main topic is to explore crossing the limits imposed by the medium on the novel. The author treats the novel as an interface of knowledge and process of reading as a navigation. For this purpose the author analyzes selected books and manifestos of the “canon” of postmodern literature.
EN
This paper presents Søren Kierkegaard’s concept of repetition and attempts to draw an analogy between it and intaglio printmaking, in relation to three well-differentiated moments. The first moment is the location of repetition in the context of individual existence and its relationship with the matrix as a unique thing. The second, its demanding nature, its search for freedom, where the question of printing is understood as the progress and process of transfer. In this stage repetition becomes an instantaneous demand and vindication. Thirdly, the paper analyses the relationship between repetition as a life event and the print as the process of appropriating a story by means of a graphic act. Here the analogy is drawn between the concept of repetition by Kierkegaard and the concept of repetition in the two completely opposing realities that comprise the natural reality of intaglio printmaking; the matrix and the print.
PL
Autor artykułu przedstawia koncepcje powtórzenia Sørena Kierkegaarda, próbując nakreślić analogię między nią a grafiką intaglio (grafiką wklęsłodrukową) w odniesieniu do trzech różniących się od siebie momentów. Pierwszym z nich jest relacja powtórzenia wobec układu odniesienia, jakim jest indywidualna egzystencja i jej związek z matrycą jako bytem wyjątkowym. Po drugie, ponieważ w jego charakterze leży kategoryczny postulat wolności, który porusza kwestie drukowania jako procesu postępu i przekazu. Na tym etapie powtórzenie jest natychmiastowym żądaniem i realizacją. Na koniec analizowany jest związek między powtórzeniem jako wydarzeniem istnienia a drukiem jako procesem zawłaszczenia historii przez istnienie aktu graficznego. W tym kontekście autor zamierza ustanowić analogię między koncepcją powtórzenia Kierkegaarda a koncepcją powtórzenia dwóch całkowicie przeciwnych rzeczywistości, które składają się na naturalną rzeczywistość miedziorytu i systemów drukowania, takich jak matryca i druk.
EN
My interest is in the relations among orality, literacy and printing as a subject of Norwid’s reflection, which keeps on appearing in his various texts. The oral tradition is a subject of reflection on what is lost, yet it is something unequivocally positive. Being ambivalent towards writing as he is, Norwid unequivocally negatively views printing. In spite of interesting technical efforts to incorporate oral elements into his texts, he belongs to the culture of the printed press, and he is a literary mind. It is this very tension that often evokes the feeling of being torn apart, and the trouble of being a poet.
EN
The development of every culture is associated with the ability to pass on experience and knowledge, both to the present and future generations. The most powerful tool of communication in society is the mass media, and books are certainly a primary means. The theme of this text is, therefore, the culture of the written word in the literary tradition of Japan represented by the wahon, or the Japanese book. The history of its origin and development dates back more than 1100 years; the beginnings of both manuscript and printed books in Japan date back to the eighth century. Wahon in its traditional form developed until 1868, up to the beginning of the Meiji Era (1868-1912), when the modernization and westernization of the country also took over this area of human activity.
EN
The article is devoted to the issue of photography as an archival material requiring particular knowledge at the stage of identification, preservation and conservation of collections. Photographs are objects made in various techniques and technologies, on a range of bases and light-sensitive substances. Their complicated structure is responsible for the exceptional sensitivity of these objects in contact with destructive factors and for the often rapid course of the degradation process, even resulting in the complete loss of the medium. The text deals with the identification of techniques and technologies used in the making of objects, describes the factors influencing the degradation of images, and highlights the basic guidelines for the protection and conservation of collections. The text presents the beginnings of the phenomenon of photography, as well as the most common photographic techniques found in Polish collections. The author describes the most important research concerning the identification and preservation of photographs, quoting source materials. The essential part of the study consists of guidelines concerning the process of identification of the technique of taking an object, from which all activities connected with securing or preserving photographs should begin (including the identification of unstable plastic bases). Then the text describes the most common causes of degradation of archival photographic materials and the basic processes thanks to which we can positively influence the longevity of photographic collections (including the storage of objects in reduced temperature and relative humidity parameters). The study ends with a description of preventive conservation measures necessary to maintain the collections in a good state of preservation as well as proper handling of photographs during the process of digitization of the collections.
PL
Artykuł poświecony jest zagadnieniu fotografii jako materiału archiwalnego wymagającego szczególnej wiedzy na etapie identyfikacji, zabezpieczania i konserwacji zbiorów. Fotografie to obiekty wykonane w różnorodnych technikach i technologiach, na bazie rozlicznych podłoży i substancji światłoczułych. Ich skomplikowana budowa odpowiedzialna jest za wyjątkową wrażliwość obiektów w kontakcie z czynnikami niszczącymi oraz często gwałtowny przebieg procesu degradacji, kończący się nawet całkowitą utratą nośnika. Tekst porusza problematykę identyfikacji technik i technologii wykonania obiektów, opisuje czynniki wpływając na degradację zdjęć, a także podkreśla podstawowe wytyczne do zabezpieczania oraz konserwacji zbiorów. Przedstawione zostały również początki powstawania zjawiska fotografii, jak i najczęściej występujące w zbiorach polskich techniki fotograficzne. Autorka opisuje najważniejsze badania dotyczące identyfikacji i zabezpieczania fotografii wraz z podaniem materiałów źródłowych. Zasadniczą częścią opracowania są wytyczne dotyczące procesu identyfikacji techniki wykonania obiektu, od którego należy rozpocząć wszelkie działania odnoszące się do zabezpieczenia czy konserwowania fotografii (w tym identyfikacja nietrwałych podłoży z tworzyw sztucznych). Następnie opisano najczęstsze przyczyny degradacji archiwalnych materiałów fotograficznych oraz podstawowe procesy, dzięki którym można pozytywnie wpłynąć na „długość życia” zbiorów fotograficznych (w tym przechowywanie obiektów w parametrach obniżonej temperatury i wilgotności względnej powietrza). Opracowanie kończy opis prewencyjnych działań konserwatorskich niezbędnych do utrzymania zbiorów w dobrym stanie zachowania oraz prawidłowego obchodzenia się z fotografiami podczas prowadzania procesu digitalizacji zbiorów.
EN
My interest is in the relations among orality, literacy and printing as a subject of Norwid’s reflection, which keeps on appearing in his various texts. The oral tradition is a subject of reflection on what is lost, yet it is something unequivocally positive. Being ambivalent towards writing as he is, Norwid unequivocally negatively views printing. In spite of interesting technical efforts to incorporate oral elements into his texts, he belongs to the culture of the printed press, and he is a literary mind. It is this very tension that often evokes the feeling of being torn apart, and the trouble of being a poet.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
|
2017
|
vol. 65
|
issue 1
89-107
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba przedstawienia krótkiej genealogicznej historii medium mowy i pis­ma, która wykorzystuje, rozwija i rekonstruuje zarazem, poglądy i punkt widzenia Sloterdijka na ten temat. Przedmiotem analiz jest formacja dyskursywna o mowie i piśmie ukształtowana w kulturze zachodniej, składająca się z argumentacji i wyobrażeń zawartych w Biblii, tekstach filozoficznych, głównie Platona i Hegla, i literackich, tu tylko sygnalnie odnotowanych. Chodzi wreszcie także o historię społeczną, spojrzenie na rewolucje i kolonializm przez pryzmat medium druku/pisma — opartych na nim relacji władzy i panowania. Dla Sloterdijka wszystkie te zdarze­nia dyskursywne i społeczne mają wspólne podłoże resentymentalne — zakłada on bowiem za Nietzschem, że u źródeł kultury czai się okrucieństwo i perwersja. Pytanie: po co to robi, co nowego ta zużyta historycznie rama interpretacyjne pozwala mu powiedzieć o mediach dawniej i dziś?
EN
This article concerns the short genealogical history of speech and writing media, which simultaneously takes an advantage of, develops as well as reconstructs, the appropriate points of view and attitudes by Peter Sloterdijk. The object of analysis is a discursive formation on speech and writing shaped in western culture, a formation consisting of arguments and imaginations contained in the Bible, philosophical writings, by Plato and Hegel mainly, and literature, indicat­ed here only very slightly. Social history is eventually discused here, that is the view of revolutions and colonialism through the prism of print/writing medium — through the relationships of power and domination based on this medium. All the discursive and social events have their common resentment background according to Sloterdijk — following Nietzsche he assumes that there are cruelty and perversion that lurk at the roots of culture. The question is: why does he do that, what new does the historically worn-out interpretational frame let him tell about the media in the past and today?
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