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The role of probiotic intervention in regulating gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and depression-like behavior in lead-exposed rats

100%
Chen X., Meng S., Yu Y., Li S., Wu L., Zhang Y.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
|
2022
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vol. 35
|
issue 1
95-106
EN
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to observe the depression-like behavior changes of rats exposed to lead with or without probiotic intervention, and to investigate changes in the gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels after lead exposure, and the possible functions of probiotics in this process.Material and MethodsAdult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a 300 mg/l lead acetate solution for 24 weeks, with or without probiotic (freeze-dried powder containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium: 6 billion live bacteria/2 g) intervention in weeks 17–24. The sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swim test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST) were preformed to study the depression-like behaviors of these rats. The alteration of rat gut microbiota induced by lead exposure was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the levels of fecal SCFAs were detected using gas chromatography.ResultsNeurobehavioral tests showed that lead exposure induced depression-like behavior in rats, including reduced sucrose preference in the SPT, and increased immobility times in the FST and the TST. Sequencing and gas chromatography showed that lead exposure changed the structure and the phylogenetic diversity of the gut microbiota, as well as significantly altered the levels of SCFAs. Moreover, the depression-like behaviors, and the changes in both gut microbiota and SCFAs, could be mitigated by probiotic intervention.ConclusionsLead exposure not only changes the structure and diversity of the gut microbiome but also affects metabolic function. Probiotic intervention may be a novel initiative for the prevention and treatment of neurological damage following lead exposure. Health. 2022;35(1):95–106
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Problematyka prawna oświadczeń dotyczących probiotyku

84%
Łanoch M.
Przegląd Ustawodawstwa Gospodarczego
|
2019
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issue 3
134-138
EN
The legal aspects of product communication regarding probiotics pose a lot of problems for the food industry. Doubts concern whether it is possible to label, present and advertise the food using the term "probiotic" or the wording "contains probiotic". The purpose of this article is to analyse existing regulations and guidelines at the EU level in a contrast to the local practice of EU Member States in this respect - on the example of Italy and Poland. The legal situation regarding the use of probiotics claims in Canada is also be presented. This article reveals contradictions in current European law and the policy of the authorities, both EU and national, regarding declarations regarding probiotics. Moreover, it contains proposals of changes in the food law that would allow the food industry to escape from a kind of deadlock in communication of food with probiotics.
PL
Aspekty prawne komunikacji produktowej dotyczącej probiotyków nastręczają branży spożywczej sporo problemów. Wątpliwości dotyczą tego, czy możliwe jest oznakowanie, prezentacja i reklama środka spożywczego za pomocą terminu „probiotyk” lub sformułowania „zawiera probiotyk”. Celem tego artykułu jest analiza obowiązujących regulacji i wytycznych na poziomie unijnym w kontraście do lokalnej praktyki państw członkowskich UE w tym zakresie - na przykładzie Włoch i Polski. Przedstawiona została również sytuacja prawna stosowania oświadczeń dotyczących probiotyków w Kanadzie. Artykuł ten ujawnia sprzeczności w obowiązującym prawie europejskim i polityce niektórych organów, zarówno unijnych jak i krajowych, względem deklaracji dotyczących probiotyków, a także zawiera propozycje zmian, które pozwoliłyby branży spożywczej na wyjście ze swego rodzaju impasu w zakresie komunikacji produktowej żywności z probiotykami.
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