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1

Higher Education and Long-Term Manpower Planning in Socialist Romania (1950-1975). An Empirical Study

100%
Pașca V.
International Review of Social Research
|
2014
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vol. 4
|
issue 2
87-96
EN
This article sets to analyze the manpower planning approach in respect of the Romanian higher education system during communism. The arguments used intend to demonstrate that long-term planning, although commonly used in the context of demand economy, was not a reliable instrument in education. Archival research has outlined the connections and the variations between long-term ‘cadre’ plans and higher education outcomes, in an attempt to better assess the feasibility of manpower planning in a socialist economy. The empirical analysis confirms the theoretical approach used by Jan Sadlak in the 1980s, but also provides an additional outlook on the practical and conceptual limitations of centralized normative planning.
2
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Utváření obrazu sociální struktury současné české společnosti ve skupinových rozhovorech s „dělníky“ a „profesionály“

100%
Vodochodský I.
Naše společnost (Our Society)
|
2011
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vol. 9
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issue 1
13-18
EN
Based on data from three group interviews conducted with groups of “workers” and “professionals”, this article focuses on ways that interviews participants choose in their attempts to cope with sociologists’ demands to describe social structure of the contemporary Czech society. The key category adopted from the interviewers’ questions around which the arguments of participants were centered is the category of “success“. The author analyses measures of success mentioned by participants, its presuppositions, who is regarded as successful by them and which criteria of success they adopt. Also analyzed is the self-positioning of the interview participants and the social group they identify with in the notions of social structure presented by them in the course of the interviews.
3
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Koszty psychologiczne pracy oraz Model Rozpędu jako strategia niwelowania kosztów. Opis koncepcji badawczej

100%
Łużniak-Piecha M.
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO
|
2013
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issue 1
85-102
EN
The paper examines the authors’ concept of the MOMENTUM Model as a Human Capital development tool. The focus is on the psychological costs of work and on creating a proactive approach towards career development strategy as well as on providing effective operational equipment for human capital development and psychological costs reduction in organisations. The MOMENTUM Model describes four types of experts’ work-related approach depending on their level of openness to change and task-innovativeness. The analysis ends with further research recommendations drawing on social psychology concepts enriched by management theories and applications.
4
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From negative to positive effects of secondary exposure to trauma – the mediating role of cognitive coping strategies

86%
Ogińska-Bulik N., Michalska P., Juczyński Z.
Medycyna Pracy
|
2023
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vol. 74
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issue 6
449-460
EN
Background Professionals working with trauma victims can experience both negative and positive effects following exposure to secondary trauma. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between secondary traumatic stress (STS), secondary posttraumatic growth (SPTG) and cognitive coping strategies and to establish the mediating role of cognitive coping strategies in the relationship between STS and SPTG. Material and Methods A group of 500 professionals working with trauma survivors were surveyed. The Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventory, the Secondary Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and the Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale was used. Results The results indicated that 29% of professionals demonstrate a high intensity of STS, and nearly 34% exhibit a high level of SPTG. Denial and regret were positively correlated with STS; positive cognitive restructuring, resolution/acceptance and downward comparison were positively related to SPTG. Two cognitive coping strategies, i.e., positive cognitive restructuring and downward comparison, were found to act as mediators in the relationship between STS and SPTG. Conclusions Understanding the effects of secondary exposure to trauma and the coping responses of professionals working with trauma survivors will support the development of prevention and intervention actions aimed at protecting them from the deleterious impact of exposure to secondary trauma at work and promoting secondary posttraumatic growth.
5
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DOSKONALENIE ZAWODOWE ADWOKATÓW

72%
Olkiewicz A.
Problemy Profesjologii
|
2017
|
issue 1
101-110
PL
Adwokat jest jednym z wolnych zawodów wykonywanych w Polsce. W odniesieniu do tej grupy zawodowej zastosowanie mają wszelkie zasady rozwoju kariery zawodowej określone w literaturze przedmiotu. Adwokaci są jednak zobowiązani ponadto, na mocy obowiązujących przepisów, do uczestniczenia w szkoleniach w celu doskonalenia zawodowego. Egzekucje tego obowiązku zapewnia katalog kar. Podkreślenia jednak wymaga, iż to nie kary powinny wpływać na koniczność samodoskonalenia się tej grupy zawodowej, lecz wysoka odpowiedzialność za interes klienta i wysoki standard świadczonych przez adwokatów usług.
EN
The lawyer is one of the liberal professions to be performed in Poland. In relation to this professional group all the rules apply to career development referred to in the literature of the subject. However, lawyers must also, pursuant to the provisions in force to participate in training to inservice training. Executions this obligation provides a catalogue of penalties. Highlight, however, requires that no penalty should affect the imperative of self-improvement this professional group, but high responsibility for the interest of the client and the high standard of services provided by attorneys.
6

The Work and Life of Corporate Expatriates: New Patterns and Regimes of Mobility in the Knowledge Economy

72%
D’Andrea A., Gray B.
International Review of Social Research
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2013
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vol. 3
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issue 1
87-107
EN
This article examines how the international mobility of corporate professionals is entwined with the rise of the knowledge economy within a ‘flexible’ capitalist system. As telecommunication technologies transform the economy, transnational organizations have been employing mobility strategies that affect the work and life of highly-skilled professionals and their families. Evidence is reviewed through a perspective of mobile labor studies, assuming international professional mobility as a privileged site of analysis. The article outlines the corporate expatriate population as the background for comparing mobility practices and regimes adopted by conventional and information-intensive industries. This comparison seeks to identify what is specific and new about professional mobility in the knowledge economy. The analysis confirms that patterns of mobility in information-intensive industries are more dynamic, unstable and contingent - in a word, more “flexible” - than those found in conventional or mature industries.
7
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Dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowe, słuchowe i skórne związane z grą na instrumencie

58%
Jacukowicz A., Wężyk A.
Medycyna Pracy
|
2018
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vol. 69
|
issue 4
383-394
EN
Background Physical demands, exposure to noise and intense contact of skin with musical instruments – inevitable in musicians’ job – influence the development of musculoskeletal, hearing and skin problems. This paper aims at identifying playing-related health problems among Polish musicians and potential differences in this regard between students and professional musicians. Material and Methods This questionnaire study involved 255 musicians who volunteered to participate – 104 students and 151 professional musicians having music education. The study sample included 61% of women. Mean age of the participants equaled 31 years old, mean playing experience – 23 years old. Results From 10% to 79% (depending on the affected body part) of the studied musicians experienced musculoskeletal problems. Hearing (41% – tinnitus; 43% – hearing impairment and 52% – hyperacusis) and skin problems (69% – callosities, 58% – abrasions and 26% – allergic reactions) were reported less frequently and were assessed as less severe than musculoskeletal symptoms. The studied professionals assessed their hearing problems (hyperacusis, hearing impairment and tinnitus) as significantly more severe than reported by students. Young musicians, in turn, experienced more severe abrasions than the studied professional musicians. We found no significant differences between students and professionals as regards their musculoskeletal problems. Conclusions Playing-related health risks translate into relatively high prevalence of musculoskeletal as well as hearing and skin problems among musicians. Hence, it is essential for future studies to search for risk factors for these health problems as well as effective corrective and therapeutic measures. Med Pr 2018;69(4):383–394
PL
Wstęp Obciążenie fizyczne, ekspozycja na hałas oraz intensywny kontakt skóry z instrumentem muzycznym wynikające z pracy muzyka mają wpływ na rozwój dolegliwości układów mięśniowo-szkieletowego, słuchowego oraz skóry. Celem tego opracowania jest rozpoznanie problemów zdrowotnych związanych z grą na instrumencie w grupie polskich muzyków oraz wskazanie różnic w tym zakresie pomiędzy studentami a profesjonalistami. Materiał i metody W badaniu kwestionariuszowym udział wzięło 255 muzyków, którzy odpowiedzieli na zaproszenia do badania – 104 studentów oraz 151 aktywnych zawodowo muzyków posiadających wykształcenie muzyczne. Kobiety stanowiły 61% całej próby. Średnia wieku w badanej grupie wyniosła 31 lat, a średni staż gry na instrumencie – 23 lata. Wyniki Dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowe zaobserwowało u siebie 10–79% badanych muzyków (w zależności od lokalizacji objawów). Dolegliwości słuchowe (nadwrażliwość na dźwięki – 52%, pogorszenie słuchu – 43%, szumy uszne – 41%) i skórne (pogrubienia skóry – 69%, otarcia naskórka – 58%, reakcje alergiczne – 26%) występowały rzadziej i określane były jako mniej nasilone. Badani profesjonaliści opisywali swoje dolegliwości słuchowe (nadwrażliwość na dźwięki, pogorszenie słuchu oraz szumy uszne) jako istotnie intensywniejsze niż zgłaszali to studenci. Młodzi muzycy natomiast skarżyli się na bardziej dotkliwe otarcia naskórka w stosunku do podobnych objawów wskazywanych przez badanych profesjonalnych muzyków. Nie wykazano żadnych różnic dotyczących dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych pomiędzy studentami a profesjonalistami. Wnioski Zagrożenia dla zdrowia wynikające z gry na instrumencie przekładają się na relatywnie duże rozpowszechnienie dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych, ale także dolegliwości słuchowych i skórnych. Kluczowe są zatem poszukiwania czynników zwiększających ryzyko wystąpienia tych dolegliwości, a także skutecznych metod korekcyjnych i terapeutycznych. Med. Pr. 2018;69(4):383–394
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