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ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОГНОСТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УЧНІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ХІМІЇ В ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНІХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ

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Грабовий А.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2015
|
issue 9(53)
208-219
EN
The purpose of the study is to highlight the theoretical and methodological principles of formation of students’ predictive activity while studying chemistry in secondary schools. To achieve this goal the methods of theoretical analysis of psychological-pedagogical and methodological literature were used. Based on the analysis of the literature it is concluded that predictive activity is a cognitive process specially organized by the teacher, in which the students on the basis of theoretical knowledge or chemical methods get unknown to them knowledge: phenomena, facts and laws. It is shown that the leading factor in shaping students’ predictive activity is learning chemical experiment. The didactic conditions and means of forming students’ predictive activity in secondary schools in the study of chemistry were determined: 1) use of research, problem-based methods; 2) real, imaginary experiments; 3) experimental tasks; 4) problem-developmental experiences; 5) prognostic tasks; 6) problem-figures; 7) experimental situation tasks; 8) divergent chemical experiment; 9) didactic games with a chemical experiment; 10) educational projects. The formation of students’ prognostic activity promotes the use of problem and research methods based on search teaching and learning of students. They require students to analyze the skills, put forward hypotheses about solutions to problems created. Problem evolving experiment not only provides predictive activities of students, but also contributes to the development, deepening of theoretical knowledge of students, improve their experimental skills. Solving experimental problems, performance forecasting challenges facing thought experiment, teaching and research tasks and their creativity. The improvement and development of students’ prognostic activity and skills in chemistry is contributed by the applied problem-based chemical experiment. Using experiment helps to create applied problematic situations close to the realities of life for solving which students mobilize their knowledge, skills, experience and integrates applied chemistry to the educational content. Application of forecasting makes it possible to involve students in active cognitive activities for acquiring new knowledge, improve experimental skills and abilities of students to develop their creativity. Further research is seen in the experimental study of prognostic skills of students in chemistry and their levels of development.
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