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EN
The process of applying for funds from the European Social Fund (ESF) for the implementation of projects under the Human Capital Operational Programme (HC OP) in the 2007-2013 perspective makes a lot of difficulties to applicants. There are submitted applications for evaluation which contain both formal and substantive errors. The purpose of the study is to identify possible solutions aimed at increasing the number of applications simultaneously satisfying both criteria for their evaluation. The effect of the implementation of presented ideas is intended to contribute to the growth of participation of individuals in competitions who because of their education, knowledge of frontier economics and accounting, as well as the level of wealth, have limited access to them yet. The implementation of the research was carried out in two stages. The first stage consisted in the characteristics of the process of applying for funds from the ESF as well as collecting and grouping information about the most common mistakes made by project designers within the priorities implemented at the regional level of competition HC OP projects. The rest of the publication attempted to identify the causes of indicated errors. In this publication, there were used data coming from, among others, scientific publications, Intermediate Bodies websites and reports comissioned by those institutions.
EN
The article describes the experience of Polish entrepreneurs in cooperation with public entities under the public‑private partnership. It begins with a general overview of the history and main features of the public‑private partnership. Next, the author presents selected issues related to its legal regulations and functioning. The final section focuses on practical benefits and barriers in using public‑private partnership by entrepreneurs, as well as their general knowledge in this field.
PL
Pomimo rosnących potrzeb inwestycyjnych w infrastrukturę społeczną, partnerstwo publicznoprywatne (dalej: PPP) nie rozwija się zgodnie z oczekiwaniami w Polsce. Tylko 25% wszczętych postępowań kończy się na realizacji umowy – znacznie niższa stawka w porównaniu do innych krajów europejskich. Chociaż istnieje wiele potencjalnych czynników słabego rozwoju PPP w Polsce, w tym artykule pokazano nieefektywności w modelu finansowania projektu, a także przeanalizowano możliwość zastosowania forfaitingu przez zrzeczenie w Polsce. Artykuł określa niezbędne warunki, a także potencjalne korzyści dla rozwoju PPP jeśli model forfaitingu poprzez zrzeczenie zostanie zastosowany kompleksowo jako sposób finansowania polskich projektów PPP. Omówione zostaną krytyczne czynniki sukcesu w PPP, a także podział ryzyka projektu i czynniki wpływające na cenę projektu.
EN
Despite growing social infrastructure investment needs, public-private partnership (hereinafter: PPP) is not developing in accordance to expectations in Poland. Only 25% of initiated proceedings conclude in the realization of a contract – a significantly lower rate as compared to other European nations. While there are many potential explanations for the poor development of PPP in Poland, this article showcases the inefficiencies in the project financing model, as well as analyzes the applicability of forfaiting by waiver for Polish PPP projects. It outlines the necessary conditions as well as potential benefits to PPP development should the forfaiting by waiver model be applied comprehensively as a mode of financing for Polish PPP projects. Critical success factors in PPP will be addressed, as well as project risk division and factors influencing the project price.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia fi nansowania misji mediów publicznych z punktu widzenia regulacji Unii Europejskiej. Osią wywodu jest fakt, że współistnienie konkurujących ze sobą prywatnych i publicznych nadawców jest główną cechą systemu prawnego europejskiego rynku mediów. Autorka podejmuje dwa zagadnienia: 1) wskazuje zarys unijnych (w tym krajowych) ram prawnych funkcjonowania mediów publicznych realizujących misję; 2) stwierdza, że pozyskanie środków publicznych z przeznaczeniem na realizację misji to proces złożony i generujący dodatkowe koszty.
EN
This article concerns the issue of fi nancing of the public service media remit from the perspective of EU regulations. The key feature of electronic media markets in Europe is the coexistence of private and public broadcasters competing with each other. The author makes attempt to outline the national and EU legal framework for the public service media remit. In addition to this, the complexity of approaches in fi nancing the public service media remit are being discussed.
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