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EN
The allegation that the absence of a Nobel Prize laureate among Ukrainian writers means that Ukrainian literature is underdeveloped is unfair and ignorant. This paper points to the reasons for the invisibility of Ukrainian literature in the world. Academic works in postcolonial studies and polysystem theory prove that literature is never isolated from politic, economic and social environments. Ukrainian literature used to develop in in­imical environment; as Russian tsarist and totalitarian authorities oppressed Ukrainian writers, there was no infrastructure that would support Ukrainian literature and promote it abroad. Another issue is Western-centrism of the Swedish Academy. Statistics show that most of the laureates came from the countries of West Europe and the USA. Many times writers from the outlying areas of Europe (Russia, Poland, Greece, Switzerland) were awarded, but the rest of the world is almost invisible for the Nobel Committee. In conclusion, there is a short list of initiatives that are aimed at raising the profile of Ukraine and its culture in the world.
RU
Иногда украинской литературе закидают отсталость, чего доказательством служит отсутствие Нобелевской премии по литературе для украинского писателя. В этой статье изъявим причины невидимости украинской литературы в мире. Пользуясь постколониализмом и теорией полисистемы доказываем, что национальная литература никогда не изольована от политической, экономической и социальной среды. Украинская литература развивалась в неблагоприятной обстановке: русская царская и советская страна преследовала представителей украинской культуры. Известно, не было инфраструктуры, какая поддержала бы украинску литературу и выдвинула бы ее в мире. Другим вопросом становится европоцентризм Шведской академии. Статистики доказывают, что найболее лавреатов со стран Западной Европы и США. Иногда награждались писатели с близкой периферии как Россия, Польша, Греция или Швейцария, однако остальные районы мира почти невидимые для Шведской академии. В заключении статьи названы инициативы намерены исправить имидж Украины в мире и выдвинуть ее культуру.
EN
The article discusses changes in the area of culture related to promoting and distributing cultural content on the internet, as well as transformations concerning flow of cultural content, practices of participation in culture and new business models, that emerged in this sphere. Statistics on the usage of media, including TV and the internet, in Poland were examined. While presenting changes in distribution and related new business models, focus was put on the effects of content overproduction and numerous channels of distribution, resulting in the growing role of filtering mechanisms. It has also been shown, how the use of the internet supports participation in culture offline, and the relevant mechanisms have been pointed. Raising popularity of the internet, diversification of channels to access cultural content and more democratic, in comparison to the old media, ecosystem, with lowered entry barriers, belong to the crucial aspects of the changes discussed. Among conclusions, the role of the state in this new system, as well as and the place for the Internet in the broader model of civic participation are discussed.
EN
Flash mob in its original form meant spontaneous event, initiated in a public space by an unknown group of people. It had entertaining and absurd character and about the time of its commencement completely random people were reported usually through e-mails or text messages. Over time, this particular form of happening evolved and can now be used as an educational tool for sensitizing activation of some important social issues, as well as a marketing tool used in advertising and branding. This article is devoted to the characteristic of flash mobs as a tools of promotion of the institutions, services and cultural products. At the beginning in the article were described the evolution and structure of flash mobs and then were given examples of flash mobs in marketing activities in the field of art and culture. At the end of the article were presented guidelines related to the use of flash mobs in a business field.
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