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EN
The article is about the legal character of the institution of forfeiture (article 412 of the Civil Code). It aims to determine the character (civil or criminal) of this institution. It demonstrates the purpose of the regulation and the history of its development. It shows the perceived character of article 412 of the Civil Code in several periods, and presents a detailed analysis of the expression doctrine of individual periods relating to forfeiture. Particular attention is paid to the mechanism of action of the institution, its similarity to forfeiture as known in criminal law. Establishing the nature of the provision is based primarily on functions and purposes of the forfeiture provision.
EN
The article considers the organizational and legal framework for ensuring the right of access to public information in Ukraine. The positive tendencies of legal support of realization of this public right of physical persons and shortcomings of the legal practice revealed in this sphere are defined. It was found that the object of influence of the administrative and legal mechanism to ensure the exercise of the right of access to public information is public relations in the field of satisfaction of the right of access to public information, by creating opportunities for free access to statistics, archives, libraries and museums. , other information banks, databases, information resources, information on the powers and activities of the subjects of power. Forms, methods and means of ensuring the right of access to the public are described. It was found that the purpose of the administrative and legal mechanism to ensure the exercise of the right of access to public information is to create conditions under which every individual can freely exercise the right of access to public information. The author’s definition of the key concept of a scientific article is offered.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2014
|
vol. 17
|
issue 4(65)
127-135
PL
Celem artykułu jest przeprowadzenie kompleksowej klasyfikacji postanowień umowy spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością w oparciu o kryterium charakteru prawnego. Ponadto określono szczegółowe zasady kształtowania treści postanowień umowy z o.o. oraz metody wykładni aktu założycielskiego osoby prawnej. Artykuł zawiera szczegółową charakterystykę postanowień umowy polskiej spółki z o.o., szczególną uwagę poświęcono postanowieniom: obligatoryjnym, fakultatywnym, korporacyjnym, obligacyjnym, mieszanym, oraz esentialia negotti, naturalia negotii, accidentalia negotii. Analiza prawa polskiego została uzupełniona o uwagi porównawcze na tle prawa niemieckiego i systemów prawnych common law.
EN
The aim of this article is to depict the detailed classification of provisions of articles of association of a limited liability company on the basis of the legal nature criterion. What is more, it points out rules concerning modification of content of provisions of articles of association of a limited liability company and methods of interpretation of articles of association of a legal entity. The article also includes the comprehensive analysis of provisions of the Polish limited liability company, indicating in particular mandatory, non-mandatory, company, obligation and mixed provisions, and esentialia negotti, naturalia negotii, as well as accidentalia negotii. The analysis of the Polish law was supplemented by comparative notes relating to the German law and legal systems, which are based on common law.
PL
Życie codzienne podczas trwania wojny diametralnie się zmieniło. Zmieniła się postawa ludności cywilnej i jej priorytety. Ciężkie i tragiczne doświadczenia wojenne nie uszlachetniły wszystkich ludzi, wręcz przeciwnie. Wojna i perspektywa braku możliwości życia na godnym poziomie wielu ludziom otwierała furtkę do wyzwolenia niemoralnych zachowań. W artykule tym zaprezentowano cztery aspekty wojennej rzeczywistości: strach, aprowizację, szpiegostwo i demoralizację. Bazę źródłową pracy stanowi cykl reportaży Białystok w łunie światowej pożogi wojennej , zawierający wspomnienia białostoczan spisane w 1934 roku w „Echu Białostockim” oraz wspomnienia Laury de Turczynowicz When the Prussians Came to Poland. The Experiences of an American Woman during the German Invasion wydane w 1916 roku.
EN
Everyday life during the war has changed dramatically. The attitude of the civilian population, which set other priorities than before, has changed. Heavy and tragic war experiences did not ennoble all people, just the opposite. The war and the prospect of not being able to live on a dignified level for many people opened the gate to the liberation of immoral behaviors. This article presents four aspects of war reality: fear, food supply, espionage and demoralization. The source base of the work is the series of reportages Białystok in the glow of world war conflagration, containing memories of Bialystok in 1934 in "Echo Białostocki" and memories of Laura de Turczynrowicz When the Prussians Came to Poland. The Experiences of an American Woman during the German Invasion issued in 1916.
EN
A candidate for a professional soldier must meet a number of physical, psychological and legal criteria. These include the requirement of a clean criminal record included within the article. 124 paragraph. 2 of the act on military service for professional soldiers from the 11 September 2003. In the article you will find the analysis of the practical issues on this aspect, within the accordance to the legal regulations included in the criminal law. It also considers the types and contents of judgments of the court of general jurisdiction.
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