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PL
"The great persecution", which took place during the region of Diocletian, is know to us very well thanks to the account of Eusebius of Caesarea, who witnessed it. He described it in  The Eclesiastical History and in seperate book about the martyrs in Palestine, where he was the metropolitan as the bishop of Caesarea. On the basis of The martyrs of Palestine, this article presents. The Diocletian persecution was the last attemt at stifling the Christian religion, which was granted freedom of worship several years later. The attack on Christiaity rezulted from political reasons. Diocletian longed for return of the traditional old Roman religion and reigious unity in order to reconstruct th according to the detailed registers of names e power of the state. The persecution was most intensive in the eastern orovinces of the emipre, whereas in the West, it was more lenient and latest shorter. In the East, there were actually more Christian communes and they were most numerous. The persecution on the discussed territory peaked in 306, when Maximin added to the edict a regulation ordering municipial authorites to execute it according to the detailed  registers throught of all inhabitants. The next escalation of persecution took place in 309 and it continued through 310 when it started to weaken. It did not bring the expected results.
EN
Licinius was a ruler whose attitude towards Christians changed over the years. First, he guaranteed freedom of religion to them; then, he persecuted them. This article aims to analyse how these persecutions are described by sources originating from the period during or shortly after the reign of Licinius. The analysis of the sources shows that the details of the persecution under Licinius are known only from the works of Eusebius of Caesarea. However, although he portrays Licinius in a negative light only to justify the war between him and Constantine, other sources confirm that there was indeed persecution though limited in scope under Licinius.
PL
Licyniusz był władcą, który zmieniał swój stosunek do chrześcijan. Najpierw zagwarantował im wolność wyznania, następnie prześladował ich. Celem artykułu jest analiza tego, co na temat tych prześladowań mówią źródła powstałe w czasie panowania Licyniusza lub krótko po nim. Analiza źródeł pokazuje, że szczegóły prześladowań za Licyniusza znane są jedynie z dzieł Euzebiusza z Cezarei. Jednak choć przedstawia on Licyniusza w złym świetle, by uzasadnić wojnę między nim a Konstantynem, to inne źródła potwierdzają to, że za Licyniusza dochodziło do prześladowań, choć miały one ograniczony zakres.
EN
The publication’s goal is to fill a void by demonstrating the value of missionary martyrdom in the context of the right to religious freedom. Furthermore, the study defends the dignity of Christians and reveals the value of the sacrifice made by the community of believers in every corner of the world, as represented in the martyrdom of missionaries. Martyrdom has been present in the Church as a form of testimony from its inception. However, it is important to remember that it is always the result of abuses of the right to life and the freedom to practise one’s faith. The purpose of this publication is to identify the current reference of the martyrdom of missionaries to religious freedom rights, as well as the causes and consequences of violations of these rights, not only by individuals, but also by representatives of various social movements or even state institutions.
PL
Publikacja ma na celu wypełnienie luki w prezentowaniu wartości męczeństwa misjonarzy w kontekście prawa do wolności religijnej. Ponadto opracowanie to stanowi wyraz obrony godności chrześcijan oraz ukazuje wartość ofiary wyrażonej w męczeństwie misjonarzy, jaką wspólnota wierzących ponosi w każdej części świata. Jako forma świadectwa, męczeństwo obecne jest w Kościele od samego początku chrześcijaństwa. Jednak dzisiaj należy nieustannie przypominać, że stanowi ono zawsze konsekwencję łamania prawa do życia i swobodnego wyznawania własnej religii. Publikacja zawiera określenie aktualnego odniesienia męczeństwa misjonarzy do praw wolności religijnej, a także przyczyn i skutków łamania tychże praw nie tylko przez jednostki, ale i przez reprezentantów rozmaitych ruchów społecznych czy nawet instytucji państwowych.
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