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EN
The article focused research efforts on the analysis of forms of presentation of historical events related to violence on the basis of a case study Polish German occupation during World War II in history handbooks for secondary schools. For this purpose content analysis was used. This method consists of reflections on the collected material as objectified and systematic, quantitative and qualitative to identify and describe the language characteristics of the texts. As an object of analysis was used 37 history textbooks for secondary schools published since the end of World War II, up to the present (5 published during the Polish People’s Republic and 32 issued in the Third Republic).
EN
Analysis of Internet violence phenomenon in quantitative grasp of a problem is the main aim of this paper. Analysis is based on data gathered in Computer Assisted Web Interviews (CAWI) research entitled Polish Political Culture in the Internet carried out on Internet users. Proper measurement of Internet violence needed special tool aggregating diverse data – an index. Index construction is described in the first part of the paper and is the indispensable condition to measure two important dimensions of Internet violence phenomenon: axionormative and behavioral. Axionormative dimension measures intensity of Internet violence acceptance among Internet users and inclination to undertaking actions bound with violence. Introducing this dimension served to verify of hypothesis on positive correlation between intensity of Internet using and violent Internet activity acceptation and disposition among Internet users. Behavioral dimension acts as measure of performing and experiencing violence by individual Internet users. Behavioral dimension allows to introduce typology of Internet users distinguished on the ground of violence attitudes. Following types of Internet users is marked out: gladiators (performing and experiencing of violence), terrorists (only using violence but not suffer from it), spectators (both not perform and not experience of violence) and victims (only suffer from it). Analysis pointed out that the main characteristics of Internet political culture is wide acceptance and willingness to undertaking verbal violence of low intensity. Simultaneously Internet users condemned violence of higher intensity. Essential to sketch Internet political culture is its symmetrical character – the same persons use verbal violence and equally experience it in consequence. The problem whether the style of behavior in Internet discourse is eufunctional or dysfunctional for democracy remains unsloved.
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