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EN
The sketch is an attempt to focus on the emigration/migration issue in Polish prose written after 2000 and to answer the question of whether we are only dealing with reports written by blue-collar workers as well as descriptions of the day-to-day struggle with reality, or whether we are dealing with more or less sharp playing with emigration patterns. The quoted examples prove that we are dealing with two variants concerning description of experiences during ‘EU migration’. On the one hand, we may speak about a positive pattern where emigration is treated as an adventure which is perceived as breaking free from existing obligations and imposed rigors. On the other hand, one may find a number of negative patterns, according to which emigration is a necessary evil. Thus, the writers reflect on the dramatic everyday life of an emigrant, eclipsing broadly defined problems with identity. They present complexes which make Poles living abroad give in to fate; they base the image of EU (e)migration on clichés and stereotypes. Additionally, one can observe a ‘gender’ division.
EN
Although the GDR did not have its own high mountains, it did have an informal community of climbers, of about 1,000 enthusiasts, who despite numerous obstacles managed to go on expeditions to high mountains of the Eastern Bloc. They could not count on any support of the state, because mountaineering is not a kind of sport in which international success can be achieved all the time and because the GDR, unlike e.g. the Soviet Union, could not expect any military benefits from it. The climbers found it especially hard to obtain permission to travel, to go to the mountains on their own, to acquire appropriate equipment and train in preparation for the difficulties awaiting them in high mountains. Only thanks to their extraordinary enthusiasm, organisational creativity and technical skills were they able to overcome obstacles like obtaining invitations from the Soviet Union, casual jobs and making their own equipment in order to be able to reach high mountains. From the late 1970s the climbing community began to experience a revival thanks to a new “hippie generation”. Young people reached the USSR thanks to the so-called “transit visas”, which is why they were described as “transit travellers”. Often they would then travel for weeks or even months “unrecognised through their beloved country”. During these “incognito travels” they had to avoid police patrols and when they were stopped, they had to have good excuses. Despite their illegality, the transit travellers were able to travel across the entire USSR. Their extraordinarily modest way of travelling, often hitch-hiking or walking, meant that they had closer contact with people living in the Soviet Union than was provided for in the German–Soviet friendship, used for propaganda purposes, and could formulate their own opinion on the reality of the “Big Brother”. Through their experiences the climbers managed to distance themselves from the official socialist discourse in the GDR. With their views crossing state borders the climbers could be treated as the vanguard of mass escapes through Eastern European third countries, like e.g. Hungary, which began the collapse of the GDR in 1989.
EN
The article is an attempt to use the personalist thought of Adam Rodziński on the problems posed by the contemporary model of consumerism. In the first part, the author presents the risks resulting from incredibly rapid technological progress and changes in the mentality of modern people. Then, these situations are contrasted with the dictates of personalistic ethics in order to find ways out of the crisis, which brought the so­‑called “overactive consumption”. The article attempts to show that the personalist cure for excessive consumption, it is not renunciation of it, but sensible and moderate approach to consumption.
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę zastosowania myśli personalistycznej Adama Rodzińskiego w odniesieniu do problemów, jakie stawia przed nami współczesny model konsumpcyjnego życia. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawione zostają zagrożenia wynikające z niewiarygodnie szybkiego postępu technologicznego oraz zmiany mentalności współczesnych jednostek. Następne wymienione sytuacje zostają skontrastowane z nakazami etyki personalistycznej w celu odnalezienia w nich sposobów wyjścia z kryzysu, który przyniosła tak zwana „rozbuchana konsumpcja”. Celem artykułu jest próba wykazania, że personalistycznym lekarstwem na przesadną konsumpcję wcale nie jest wyrzeczenie się jej, lecz rozsądne i umiarkowane podejście do konsumowania.
PL
Maria Ostasz w jednym z artykułów dokonuje przeglądu – syntezy polskiej prozy dla dzieci i młodzieży drugiej połowy XX wieku. Wymienia powieści dziecięco-młodzieżowe, baśnie, przykłady fantastyki literackiej, a także liczące się ośrodki badań nad literaturą dziecięco-młodzieżową oraz mechanizmy sterowania ówczesnym rynkiem czytelniczym. Niniejszy tekst, podkreślający potrzebę ciągłości badań historyczno-literackich literatury czwartej czy osobnej, jak zwykło się określać literaturę dla dzieci i młodzieży, zawierać będzie przegląd – próbę syntezy polskiej prozy dziecięcej początków XXI stulecia: jej warunki rozwoju, problematykę oraz wartości (estetyczne, społeczno-kulturowe, moralne), jakie ze sobą niesie. Dokonuję przeglądu problematyki prozy dla dzieci, którą odnajdziemy na stronie Polskiej Sekcji IBBY – Stowarzyszenia Przyjaciół Książki dla Młodych oraz Fundacji ABC, prozy ważnej ze względu na pełnione funkcje: teleologiczną, aktywizującą, kompensacyjną, terapeutyczną, dydaktyczno-wychowawczą, edukacyjno-poznawczą i ludyczną.
EN
The text contains the attempt of the synthesis of the Polish children’s prose of beginnings of the XXI century – conditions for the development of this artistic work, its issues and values (social and cultural, moral, aesthetic). I am making the trial of classification of issues of the prose for children which we can find on the Polish side of the Section IBBY and of the Foundation ABC; important prose on account of performed functions: teleological, activating, compensating, therapeutic, teaching, educational.
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