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EN
The main task of professional training in any kind of human activity including sport is forming a psychological state of readiness to assimilate knowledge, skills and habits. It is especially significant to do intense kinds of activity. Important fact is that the human’s success in such kinds of activity is possible only in achieving the optimal level of professionally important psychological states. And these states might be experienced by a person and be realized and evaluated as actual (or essential) at the moment given. According to the dialectical material understanding of determinism in psychology, influences from outside cause one or another psychological effect not immediately but with the help of inner conditions. The most important component of these inner conditions is the subject’s psychological state, which characterizes it at the moment given and affects the course of psychological proceeds. In the article the definition of hierarchical substructure of psychological state which is important not only in theory but also in methodology, because it underlines the necessity of complex approach of exploring this phenomenon is analyzed. Between the activity and state there is a dialectical connection: conditions and importance of activity determine the features of the state which affects the efficiency of the activity. That is why the problem of interconnection of the activity and the state takes an important place in studies of the overall psychological plan and also in psychological researches, directed at the need of military, work and sports activity. Despite these and other non-mentioned researches, it can be said that the problem of psychological states that occur during the human activity and define its efficiency in many cases is still unsolved. The research, even in the general sense, of the problem of psychological states that arise during the trainings of sportsmen is still not an object of systematical research though it is important enough for a sport practice and for psychology as a science.
EN
The article is dedicated to the hierarchical substructure of psychological state, which is important not only in methodological plan, but in theoretical, since it is important to accentuate necessity of variety of integrated approach to explore this phenomenon. This is particularly important in tense types of activity. The important fact is, that success in such activity could be only at achieving optimal level of professionally important psychological states. In the article the definition of hierarchical substructure of psychological state which is important not only in theory but also in methodology is analyzed, because it underlines the necessity of complex approach of exploring this phenomenon. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of psychological states, which is arising from sport training activities. Research methods that were used in the course of research are theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; psychological and educational testing; methods of mathematical process. Results of the study. Research of psychological states of athletes in training activities allows determining psychological states which can be experienced. The practical significance of the results. Received data can find use in further scientific research on identifying problem in training process based on consideration of athletes’ psychological state. Conclusions and recommendations for further research. To study general plan of the psychological states problem, which is created due to the sport training programs, still isn’t a subject of systematic researches, though it is important both for psychology as science and for sports practice.
EN
The objective of the research was to work out and experimentally substantiate the methodology of health-improving shaping activity for mature age women taking into account their gender identity. Methods: the analysis of methodological literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiment, anthropometric measurements, methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the research give grounds for the statement that the application of shaping programs, based on the load differentiable distribution depending on gender types of women has a favorable effect on the women's physical development. The analysis of the data of girth sizes of the bodies derived in the end of the experiment revealed statistically reliable changes in the next indexes: chest, waistline, buttock girth, thigh and shoulder girths. Statistically reliable diminution is observed in the folds of fat indexes: at the top of belly, at the bottom of belly, at the top of back, at the bottom of back, on one side of a trunk, at back side of a hip, on one side of a hip, inside a hip and at front of a hip. Also, the valid decrease of general amount of fat and mass of body of the subjects is revealed. In the result of the research of women's psychological state positive changes are observed in all explored figures: psychical activation, interest, emotional tone, effort and comfort. The practical importance of the research consists in significant pedagogical and health-improving effectiveness of introduction and adaptation in the practice process women, doing shaping exercises as well as account of gender identity to improve and optimize the process of body correction and physical state normalization. The results can be applied in the work of shaping instructors at the stage of shaping groups formation, during planning and working out training shaping programs, for success and comfort in achievement of health-improving targets of mature age women. The resume is that the use of health-improving shaping methodology made it possible to optimize psychophysical state of mature age women. The possibility of working out training programs for women doing shaping exercises taking into account their gender identity is detected. Prospective of further inquiries consists in the study of the methodology of gender differentiation of the functional systems of women’s organism in the process of shaping activity.
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