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EN
Optimism, according to the concept of positive psychology, is related to the cognitive style of explaining and of beliefs towards oneself, the world and others. Both optimism and achievement motivation are factors related to the creative activity of the individual and creative traits such as literary talents. The article shows the relationships between particular dimensions of the achievement motivation in a group of people with literary talents. the aim of the paper: The study was based on a comparative analysis within the level of achievement motivation and optimism among literary gifted individuals and in the control group. research methods: For the purposes of the research Inventory of Achievement Motivation (LMI) by H. Schuler and M. Prochaski in the Polish adaptation of W. Klinkosz and A. E. Sękowski along with the Questionnaire for the Study of Optimism by R. Stach were selected. results: The studies have shown that there are statistically significant differences between literate talented individuals and control group in terms of overall achievement motivation, preference for difficult tasks, flow, enthusiasm for learning and caring for prestige. Conclusion: Our in-house research shows that the achievement motivation and its dimensions can be considered on the basis of creative talents, because creativity promotes predispositions to achieve desired goals and derive satisfaction from them. It was not stated that optimism was a factor differentiating both groups, which probably results from the concept of development that assumes that the level of optimism decreases with age.
XX
The figure of Dariya Vikonska (Karolina Ivanna Fedorovych-Malytska, 1893–1945) is little known and is one of the least studied in contemporary literary and art studies. Today, her forgotten research and literary heritage is coming back into Ukrainian cultural society. The artist can fully and deeply experience the fullness of human existence and transfer these experiences to the canvas, express it in music, or put it in the “clothes of the word” – in literature. National tradition and the sense of national belonging are very important for the artist. Hence, the vision of creativity as a process is deeply national. This national orientation of the artist is directly related to creativity as a national phenomenon rooted not in the borrowed and universally dismantled ideas and images but in the space of the national psyche. Dariya Vikonska was constantly interested in the psychology of creativity of the artist (writer, painter, composer). Her epistolary inheritance, as well as her literary studies and art studies, create a special ideological system of the vision of mental processes associated with creativity. This interest in the psychology of creativity requires the vision of art and literature as a national phenomenon inextricably linked with the mental features of the creative process seen as directly connected with the national ethnopsychology. Dariya Vikonska’s ideological, cultural, historical, and aesthetic ideas about literature, literary work, and art were surprisingly innovative, extremely relevant, and expressed the most recent ideas of the development of Ukrainian culture in the context of European culture.
EN
In the theory of scientific cognition most neglected side are individual differences in cognitive preferences and mind types. Specifically this differences can be described on the basis of Jung’s theory of two basic pairs the functions of consciousness (sensing versus intuition; thinking versus feeling). In the context of this theory the consciousness isn’t a kind of neutral operator  in functioning of human mind. This simple and complete typology create the four mind types with characteristic tendency to discovering, defining and solving the definite scientific problems. In the article each type is described in the terms of specific cognitive preferences and aversions. The general line of argumentation is that interaction between problem space (in the objective meaning) and mind type are important for more complete and psychologically valid description of scientific cognition.
PL
Twórczość już od dawna nie jest postrzegana jedynie jako domena poetów i artystów, a możliwość rozważania jej natury nie jest zarezerwowana tylko dla estetyki. W swoich analizach chciałabym pokazać tę wielokierunkowość badań nad fenomenem creatio, który współcześnie coraz częściej łączony jest z opisywaną przez psychologów uniwersalną ludzką kreatywnością. Tekst niniejszy, wprowadzając w podstawowe rozważania nad definiowaniem i wyjaśnianiem twórczości dawniej i dzisiaj, ma jednocześnie ułatwić podjęcie kwestii bardziej szczegółowych i specyficznych dla współczesnych analiz (kwestie te podejmuję w artykule „O głównych dylematach filozofii twórczości. Ujęcie syntetyczne z uwzględnieniem badań współczesnych”, który stanowi niejako przedłużenie przedstawionych tu treści). Niniejsze wprowadzenie do dziedziny filozofii twórczości zostało wykonane w trzech krokach: (1) poprzez przywołanie rozważań dokonanych już wcześniej przez filozofów; (2) przez opisanie tradycyjnych i współczesnych sposobów definiowania pojęcia twórczości (i kreatywności) oraz (3) poprzez przedstawienie wybranych popularnych psychologicznych teorii procesu twórczego.
EN
It has been a long time since the ability to create is not percieved only as the domain of poets and artists, and the eventuality of deliberating over its nature is not restricted only to aesthetics. In the present analyses I would like to show this modern and postmodern variety of the studies on the creatio phenomenon, which today is often to be comprehended as the universal human creativity (described mainly by psychologists and educators). By introducing the fundamental considerations over the traditional and non-traditional definitions and explanations of creativity, this article has to facilitate at the same time the task of raising more specific and detailed issues (which I partly describe in the article “On the main dilemmas of the philosophy of creativity: A synthetic view of the contemporary research” in this volume of Roczniki Filozoficzne). The present introduction to the philosophy of creativity field will be made in three main steps: (1) by evoking some previous philosophical analyses, (2) by describing the traditional and modern ways of defining the concept and (3) through showing the selected psychological theories of the process of creating the new, valuable and original artifact.
Studia Mazowieckie
|
2022
|
vol. 17
|
issue 2
87-100
EN
The article presents the issue of the psychology of creativity. In the 19th century, psychological issues, along with philosophical ones, were at the very center of thought, penetrating all areas of life. The basic key word for this field in Romanticism was the concept of a “soul”–  a very ambiguous term, encompassing many different meanings and semantic properties. The psychological “soul” - similarly to the key words in philosophy: “God,” “absolute,” “eternity,” “infinity”– refers to the idea (quality) that is elusive, inaccessible in a human way, introducing the “inexpressible” element to romantic poetry. This is the attempt to express the “inexpressible” – according to the author of the article – in Zygmunt Krasiński’s "Utwory francuskie" [Eng. French Works]. Images of the soul, deeply embedded in these texts, are a bold poetic attempt to explore the sphere of elusive, essentially “inexpressible”qualities. They take us into the “supernatural universe, where the spirit incarnates sublime shapes or is terribly born in the unconscious, allowing us to penetrate the most irrational and imaginary world [translation].” However, Krasiński’s “soul,” asthe author states, remains unknown in these texts; moreover –  it should remain unrecognized. Enchanted in its non-recognition, it testifies not only to the novelty and artistry of "Utwory francuskie", but also determines the essence of romantic poetry and poetry in general.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problem dotyczący psychologii twórczości. Problematyka psychologiczna, obok filozoficznej, w wieku XIX znajdowała się w samym centrum myśli, przenikała wszystkie dziedziny życia. Podstawowym słowem kluczem dla tej dziedziny stało się w romantyzmie pojęcie „dusza” – termin bardzo wieloznaczny, skupiający w sobie wiele różnych znaczeń i semantycznych odcieni. Psychologiczna „dusza” – podobnie jak w filozofii słowa klucze: Bóg, absolut, wieczność, nieskończoność – odnosi się do idei (jakości) nieuchwytnych, w sposób ludzki niedostępnych, wprowadzających na grunt romantycznej poezji pierwiastek „niewyrażalnego”. Z taką właśnie próbą wyrażenia „niewyrażalnego” – zdaniem Autora artykułu – mamy do czynienia w Utworach francuskich Zygmunta Krasińskiego. Obrazy duszy, tkwiące głęboko w tych tekstach, stanowią odważną poetycką próbę eksploracji sfery jakości nieuchwytnych, właśnie „niewyrażalnych”. Przenoszą nas w „uniwersum nadnaturalne, gdzie duch się wciela w kształty wzniosłe lub przeraźliwie zrodzone w nieświadomości, pozwalające nam wniknąć w świat najbardziej irracjonalny, urojony”. Jednakże „dusza” Krasińskiego, jak konstatuje Autor, pozostaje w tych tekstach nie-do-poznana; więcej – powinna pozostać nie-do-poznana. Zaklęta w swym nie-do-poznaniu zaświadcza nie tylko o nowatorstwie i artyzmie fragmentów francuskich, ale także stanowi o istocie poezji romantycznej i poezji w ogóle.
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