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Psychosocial aspects of sexuality in adolescents with visual impairments

100%

Czerwińska K.

Szkoła Specjalna

2018

vol. LXXIX(2)

91-101

According to the ecological model, all sexual activity results from experiences gathered during the biologically based process of socialization. Therefore, analysis of the impact that visual impairment has on the psychosexual functioning of adolescents should consider not only the functional aspect but mainly the sociocultural aspect. Specific upbringing and education conditions in childhood and adolescence (e.g.: compulsory schooling in a special center - often in a live-in environment, parental overprotectiveness, lack of or unadapted sexual education curricula, etc.) may hinder learning of typical interpersonal interaction patterns and delay one’s sexual identification process. The limited range of social experiences may result in a low mentalization of the need, and, in consequence, a lack of its stimulation, which manifests itself, for instance, in a lower frequency of autoerotic behaviors among blind adolescent boys as compared to their nondisabled peers. Moreover, a lowered self-esteem and sense of interpersonal attractiveness relating to the lack of acceptance of one’s disability, awareness of being dependent on others, and negative reactions of people around which are based on false beliefs about blind people’s sexuality can also make it difficult to build close relationships and form emotional and sexual bonds. A review of studies on the sexuality of blind and visually impaired adolescents does not allow unambiguous conclusions to be drawn about the course of this group’s development. The data collected are generally descriptive in nature and do not fully reflect the specificity of sexual functioning in the whole population of adolescents with visual impairments as, frequently, the studies were conducted with small samples and did not take into account different types and severity of visual impairment. Also, discrepancies in the findings relating to individual aspects of psychosexual development may be due to differences in instruments used by researchers as well as to the sociocultural nature of the approach to sexuality that is specific to the country where the study was carried out.

Ewaluacja programu profilaktyki wczesnego rodzicielstwa

63%

Wąż K.

Rocznik Lubuski

2014

vol. 40

issue 1

193-209

W Polsce sporadycznie są realizowane i poddawane ewaluacji programy profilaktyczne dotyczące zagrożeń związanych z aktywnością seksualną. Tymczasem takie projekty, dotyczące sfery seksualnej i polegające na ingerencji w proces rozwoju psychoseksualnego, wymagają ewaluacji ze względów zarówno merytorycznych, jak i etycznych. W artykule podjęto próbę ukazania złożonej procedury ewaluacyjnej, jaką zastosowano w toku wdrażania do polskiej praktyki edukacyjnej programu profilaktyki wczesnego rodzicielstwa opartego na wykorzystaniu elektronicznego symulatora opieki nad niemowlęciem oraz zaprezentowano jej wyniki. Ewaluacja odbyła się w latach 2004 – 2011 i składała się z trzech odrębnych badań. Etap I obejmował wdrożenie programu do praktyki oświatowej i pomiar jego rezultatów oparty na strategii eksperymentalnej - ewaluacja sumatywna. Etap II ewaluacji nastąpił po upowszechnieniu programu i obejmował pomiar opinii uczniów, rodziców i nauczycieli. Etap III to ewaluacja odroczona. Miała charakter pośredni - informacji udzielali nauczyciele realizujący program w szkołach.

In Poland the prevention programmes concerning the risks of sexual activity are rarely implemented and evaluated. However, such projects which are related to sexual sphere and which interfere in the processes of psychosexual development require evaluation for substantive and ethical reasons. This article attempts to show a complex evaluation procedure which was used in the course of implementing into the Polish educational practice an early parenthood prevention programme based on the use of an electronic nursing simulator. Moreover, the paper also presents the results of the procedure. The evaluation took place in the years 2004-2011 and consisted of three separate studies. Stage I comprised the implementation of the programme into educational practice and the measurement of its results based on the experimental strategy - summative evaluation. Stage II of the evaluation followed the dissemination of the programme and included the measurement of students’, parents’ and teachers’ opinion. Stage III is deferred evaluation. It was indirect - information was given by the teachers who implemented the programme at schools.

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1 Rocznik Lubuski

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1 Czerwińska K.

1 Wąż K.

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1 2014

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Psychosocial aspects of sexuality in adolescents with visual impairments

Ewaluacja programu profilaktyki wczesnego rodzicielstwa