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Administrative agreement as a component of the system of public governance tools

100%
Milienko O.
Reality of Politics
|
2020
|
issue 14
115-122
EN
The purpose of the article is to implement the characteristics of the administrative contract as a component of the system of public administration tools. It is determined that the system of tools for the implementation of functions by public administration bodies must meet the requirements of efficiency of settlement of management tasks, mobility of implementation of management decisions, accessibility of administrative procedures, and openness of regulations and administrative acts. The system of tools of public administration includes decisions, actions or omissions of public authorities and local governments, which have fundamental legal significance and consequences for individuals. It is emphasized that the implementation of the concept of «good governance» must comply with the democratic principles of building the rule of law, the achievement of which requires the use of the system of tools defined by current legislation. The components of the system of public administration tools include bylaws (actually identifying them with regulations), administrative acts, administrative agreements, administrative acts and acts-plans. The normative-legal character of the administrative agreement is determined, which to some extent identifies it with the normative acts of the subjects of power, emphasizing the bilateral and multilateral nature of such relations. It is substantiated that administrative contracts have similar features that are similar to other instruments of public administration, in particular, the need to conclude them in accordance with the established procedure, aimed at satisfying subjective public rights, and so on. It is established that the distinctive features of an administrative agreement are its voluntary nature of adoption, bilateral and multilateral nature of the regulation of public relations, and one of the parties to the agreement is always the subject of power. It is concluded that in the implementation of administrative- contractual relations there is a situation of legal equality of its parties, so the mechanism for ensuring its implementation is specific. It is concluded that an administrative agreement is a public accession agreement, the content of which is the implementation of management functions related to the provision of public services, ensuring the efficient use of public property between the subject of power at the initiative of a non-governmental entity. It is substantiated that in the current conditions in order to ensure the availability of legislation, as well as to avoid the situation of emergency accumulation of an array of regulations, it is proposed to supplement the draft Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» with the following provisions: «administrative contract implementation of management functions related to the provision of public services, ensuring the efficient use of public property, concluded between the subject of power at the initiative of a non-governmental entity.
2

Outline of Polish procurement law development against a background of other Central Europe countries

100%
Szostak R.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2011
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issue 3-4 (189)
69-145
EN
The evolution of procurement law in the Central Europe, starting from the ancient times, is directly a consequence of needs which arise from the necessity of preservation of, both, the sufficient effectiveness and contracting transparency in spending public funds, and, further, from assurance of an equality and a competitiveness in access to works which have been funded from public funds. The evolution had been integrally connected with adequate organization, control of the treasury’s economy as well as with procedures of awarding procurement to reliable contractors, optimization of public contract’s provisions and efficient awarding party’s protection against possibility of inadequate fulfilling public contract. A construction of consensual contract underlined these procurements. Deep regress of procurement in Early Middle Ages was caused not only by the general economy recession, but mostly by disappearance of consensual contracts in aid of primitive, immediate real or formal contracts. In the area of satisfying public needs prevailing significance in the feudal part of Middle Ages had natural tributes as well as forced labour and servitude craft colonies. Revival of public procurement ensued with reactivation of trade contacts and consensual contracts, which was accompanied by transformation of state organization and also local government revival in the 10th and 11th century. Crucial impact on the development of procurements have had constitutional and political changes dated on the period of absolute monarchy, especially reforms of the Treasury. First of all organization and control of treasury expenses were improved. Also first procurements procedures for public targets have been adopted. Despite the growing importance of administrative instruments, consensual agreement maintained a leading role, primarily because of its advantages in providing satisfactory efficiency in public expenses. Development of procurement's procedures (auction, tender) was strongly influenced by French and German models. The Polish State failed to take advantage of them because of feudal backwardness and lack of tax reforms. During the partitions of Poland, the Polish were removed not only from offices and public honors, but also from greater access to public procurement; the situation has changed only slightly in the late nineteenth century. Therefore the lack of Polish tradition in this field was noticed for a long period of time. After regaining independence in 1918, the introduction of special measures law was prevented also by problems with unification and budget. Implementation of modern procurement procedures for public purposes didn't take place until the end of the thirties. Pre-war solutions in procurement's procedures were formed by national practical experience and effective German and French patterns. However, World War II following by imposition of a foreign socialist system, completely blocked the development of public procurement in Poland, there was a break in legal continuity and tradition again. Meanwhile, public procurement in the countries of Western Europe experienced its further development under the influence of solutions derived from Community law. The public procurement in Poland in early nineties – as a result of the period of political changes and the reactivation of market mechanisms - was again deplorable. The situation gradually improved after passing the act on public procurement from 1994, which was amended successively given the need to implement European solutions, and then replaced (in the face of EU accession) with the new public procurement law in 2004. Next changes in Polish procurement's procedures were a result of European law's influence, respecting the national experience reaching pre-war domestic regulations.
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